Young, John (1811-1878). Born at Ayr, Scotland. Came to Canada, 1826. In 1837 raised a regiment of volunteers and served during the Rebellion. In 1841 partner of the firm of Stephens, Young & Company of Montreal; connected with the construction in 1845 of the railway line to Portland, Maine, through which Montreal secured a winter port. It was largely by his efforts that the railway from Montreal to Kingston was built; and the Victoria Bridge, the deepening of Lake St. Peter, and the enlargement of the Welland, St. Lawrence, and Lachine canals were also due to a considerable extent to his broad policy. In 1851 commissioner of public works in the Hincks-Morin Cabinet. During his brief administration organized the Canadian exhibit at London, 1851; and subsidized steamships between Montreal and Liverpool. Index: E Commissioner of public works in Hincks-Morin ministry, 113; resigns and replaced by J. Chabot, 126. Bib.: Dent, Last Forty Years.
Young, Sir William (1799-1887). Born at Falkirk, Scotland. Educated at Glasgow University. Came to Nova Scotia; studied law, and called to the bar of that province, 1826. In 1832 elected to the Assembly for Cape Breton. In 1835 called to the bar of Prince Edward Island. In 1838-1839 took part in the negotiations that followed the Rebellion in Lower Canada, and his report on the alleged grievances was included in that of Lord Durham. In 1842 appointed a member of the Executive Council, and Speaker of the Assembly, 1843-1854; premier of the province, 1854-1857; and again in 1860. In 1860 appointed chief-justice of Nova Scotia, retiring after twenty-one years' service. Knighted, 1868. Index: H Political leader in Nova Scotia, and afterwards chief-justice of the province, 6; sent as delegate to England to urge granting of representative government to Nova Scotia, 51, 56; appointed to Executive Council, 1843, 75; elected Speaker the same year, 75; reelected Speaker, 1848, 107; attorney-general and leader of government, 146; his government sustained, 157; non-committal attitude of, on Irish Roman Catholic question, 163; chief justice of Nova Scotia, 169. Bib.: Campbell, History of Nova Scotia; Saunders, Three Premiers of Nova Scotia.
Young, Sir William A. G. (1827-1885). Secretary to the North American Boundary Commission, 1856; colonial secretary and auditor of British Columbia, 1859; colonial secretary of Vancouver Island, 1864; administrator of the government there, 1866. Subsequently appointed governor of the Gold Coast.
Yukon River. Rises at the headwaters of the Nisutlin, and empties into Bering Sea, after a course of 1765 miles. The lower waters of the river were explored by Glazunof in 1836 or 1837; and a Russian post was built at Nulato, about four hundred miles above the mouth, in 1838. In 1843, Zagoskin carried the exploration up to the mouth of the Nowikakat. In 1846, John Bell, of the Hudson's Bay Company, reached the Yukon by way of the Porcupine; and in 1847 Alexander H. Murray, of the same Company, built Fort Yukon, at the mouth of the Porcupine. Robert Campbell explored the Pelly and Yukon, down to the mouth of the Porcupine, in 1840-1850. Index: MS Mackenzie establishes existence and course of, 50; makes inquiries concerning, 55. D Operations of Hudson's Bay Company on, 123; explored by Robert Campbell, 125. Bib.: Dall, Alaska; Bancroft, History of Alaska; Campbell, Discovery of the Youcon; Whymper, Travel and Adventure in Alaska; Murray, Journal of the Yukon (Archives, Pub. 4); Dawson, Report on the Yukon (Geol. Survey Report, 1887-1888).
Yverdun. Hd Home of the Haldimand family, 2, 3; visited by Haldimand, 113, 116; his death there, June 5, 1791, 340; its institutions remembered in his will, 342.
Zollverein. Md Proposed by Butterworth in United States Congress, as a method of fiscal union with Canada, 295. See also Commercial Union. Bib.: Willison, Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party.