Brouage. Ch In Saintonge, birthplace of Champlain, 1.
Brougham, Henry Peter, Baron (1778-1868). Born in Scotland. Educated at Edinburgh University. Secretary to Lord Rosslyn and Lord St. Vincent on a mission to Portugal. In 1810 entered Parliament; in 1830 received the great seal and elevated to the peerage. In 1828 founded London University, and in 1860 elected chancellor of Edinburgh University. Index: S Secretary to the Portugal Commission, 220. W His sarcastic reference to Glenelg, 42. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
Broughton, William Robert (1762-1821). Born in England. Entered the navy, 1774, and served on the American station until 1778. In 1790 explored and surveyed the Columbia River; and in 1794 surveyed the north-west coast of America. Served in Lord Gambier's expedition, 1809; at Mauritius, 1810, and at Java, 1811. Index: D Sails a hundred miles up the Columbia, 24; surveys coast northwards of Cape Mendocino, 34. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
Brouillan, De. Born in France. Governor of Placentia, Newfoundland, 1690. Made a chevalier of St. Louis, 1698. In 1701 commandant in Acadia, and governor of that colony, 1702-1705. Died the latter year. Index: F French governor of Placentia, Newfoundland, 346. Bib.: Charlevoix, History of New France.
Brouse, W. H. R Graduate of Victoria College, 144.
Brown, George (1818-1880). B His place as a Maker of Canada, ix; complains that Upper Canada is inadequately represented and dominated by Lower Canada, ix; an ardent advocate of Confederation, x; relations with John A. Macdonald, x; and with Roman Catholic Church, x; his birth and parentage, 1; character, 1; lifelong opposition to slavery, xi, 1-2; views on Presbyterian Church government, 2; emigrates to America, 2; establishes the British Chronicle at New York, with his father, 4; comes to Canada, 1843, 4, 5; described by Samuel Thompson, 4-5; establishes the Banner at Toronto with his father, 5-6; character of the Banner, 5-7; begins fight for responsible government, 9-10; establishes the Globe, 1844, 20; its objects, 20-21; speech before Toronto Reform Association, 1844, 21-22; refuses to drink toast to Metcalfe, 27-28; presents address to Elgin, 36; his quarrel with the Clear Grits, 40; defeated in Haldimand by W. L. Mackenzie, 40; defines political situation in 1850, 42-43; his reply to Cardinal Wiseman's pastoral letter, 44-45; his political principles, 46-47; takes issue with Hincks's government, 48-49; advocates secularization of Clergy Reserves, 55-57; runs for Kent—his platform, 61; advocates free schools, 62; views on higher education, 62-64; his election for Kent, 64; arouses French-Canadian hostility, 65; attacks Hincks-Morin government, 66-67; increasing power in the Legislature, 69; prodigious industry and capacity for work, 69; attitude towards Lower Canada and Roman Catholic institutions, 70; advocates representation by population, 71; becomes the mouthpiece of Nonconformist sentiment in Upper Canada, 71; tribute of the Cobourg Star, 72-73; pen-picture by James Young, 73-74; growth of the Globe—its declaration of principles, 74-75; in favour of prohibition, 75,76; defeats Malcolm Cameron in Lambton, 77; the alliance with the Rouges, 78-79; his friendship with Dorion, 80-81; presses for representation by population, 84; attacked by Macdonald, 87-91; his interest in prison reform, 91-93; personal charges disproved, 93-97; elected for Toronto, 1857, 99; carries a motion disapproving of selection of Ottawa as capital, 100; government defeated and he forms administration, 101-102; relations with Sir Edmund Head, 103-104; defeated on question of dissolution, 106; the "Double Shuffle," 106-108; his fight against negro slavery, 112-119; relations with Roman Catholics, 121-128; opposes denominational schools, 121-123; and clerical control, 123-128; views on Confederation, 130-132; 137-138; his temporary retirement from public life, 139, 141; defeated in East Toronto, 141; opposes "double majority," 143; sails for England, 1862; interview with Duke of Newcastle, 143; marries Anne Nelson, 144; reception in Toronto on his return, 144; assails Separate School Bill in the Globe, 145; accepts Act of 1863 as a final settlement, 145, 146; his letters on the political crisis, 1864, 150; proposes a federation system of government either for Canada alone, or for all the British North American provinces, 150; the negotiations looking towards Confederation, 151-161; opposes an elective Senate, 164-165; well satisfied with the results of the Quebec Conference, 165-166; convert to Intercolonial Railway scheme, 166; explains the new constitution in Toronto, 166-167; writes Macdonald from England on favourable reception of the Confederation scheme, and deplores almost universal sentiment in England in favour of Canadian independence, 167; his speech in Parliament on Confederation, 171-175; writes of need of haste in putting through Confederation, 182; opposes submission of Confederation scheme to the people, 185; Macdonald's negotiations with, as to formation of new administration, 189-191; accepts Belleau as premier, 191; his interest in reciprocity, 192; differences with his colleagues on reciprocity terms lead to his resignation from Cabinet, 193-197; his connection with Confederation, 199-209; Holton's appeal to, 201; his interest in the North-West Territories and their acquisition by Canada, 211-221; his connection with the Reciprocity Treaty of 1874, 223-233; attacks protectionist budget, 233; hostile to Canada First party, 237-238, 239, 241; his family relations, 243-244; death of his wife, May 6, 1906, 244; his children, 244; writes Holton as to his retirement from public life, 245-246; defines his attitude as a journalist, 246-247; relations with Liberal leaders after his retirement, 247-248; farming on his Bow Park estate near Brantford, 248; appointment to the Senate, December, 1873, 248; the Simpson libel suit, 249-250; attacks Judge Wilson in the Globe, 250-252; sued for contempt of court, 252; his defence, 253; shot by George Bennett, 255-256; his death, May 10, 1880, 258; estimate of his character and public life, 258-265; as a journalist, 265. C Cauchon's antagonism, 24; relations with Quebec Liberals, 28; his policy of representation by population, 28; fights for Protestant and English supremacy, 28; Cartier takes strong stand against his aggressiveness, 68; comes into power with the Reformers, 99. E Arrives in Canada and enters journalism, 111; attacks French-Canadians, 112, 113-114, 137, 225; becomes leader of the Clear Grits, 112; enters Parliament, 113; his influence there, 114; urges representation by population, 117-118; attacks Hincks, 125, 140; distrusted by Liberals, 138; his warm support of Confederation, 225. R Opposes Sir Charles Metcalfe, 126; opposes separate schools, 224, 225-226; conflict with Ryerson over separate schools, 233. BL His speech before Reform Association, Toronto, 1844, 223-224, 225; establishes Globe, March 5, 1844, 223-224; his relations to the Reformers and the Clear Grits, 224, 342; attacks Roman Catholicism, 343. T Makes overtures to government, looking towards Confederation. 69; at Charlottetown Conference, 74, 75; delegate to Quebec Conference, 76; opposes coalition government, 128. Mc Defeated by W. L. Mackenzie, 486; relations with Mackenzie, 487; Haldimand election, 488; Alexander Mackenzie's good offices, 496. Md Macdonald's great antagonist in Canadian public life, 51; pre-eminent as a reformer, 52; comes to Canada from Scotland in 1844, 52; founds the Globe, 52; his character, 52-53; contrasted with Macdonald, 53-54; first opposes Clear Grits, then becomes their leader, 54; attacks racial and religious ideals of Quebec, 54-55; question of Clergy Reserves, 55; his solution of representation by population, 71-72; opposes proposal for elective Legislative Council, 75; his quarrel with Macdonald, 80-81; opposes separate school system, 82; forms ministry with Dorion—the "Short administration," 85; its defeat, 86; his influence declining, 89; opposes Sandfield-Macdonald-Sicotte ministry, 89; they join forces, 89; proposes coalition to further Confederation, 92-93; enters Taché ministry, 102; quarrel with Macdonald patched up, for the time, 102; delegate to England in regard to Confederation, defence, reciprocity, etc., 120-121; his entrance into coalition ministry largely due to Lord Monck, 121; resigns from Cabinet, 123; supports Confederation, but resumes old hostility to Macdonald, 123; attempts to break up coalition, 136-137; appointed to Senate by Mackenzie, 138. Bib.: Taylor, Brit. Am.; Dent, Can. Por. and Last Forty Years; Mackenzie, Life and Speeches of the Hon. George Brown.
Brown, George Mackenzie (1869- ). Son of George Brown. Born in Canada. Educated at Upper Canada College, Toronto, Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh, and at Cambridge. Moved to Edinburgh, Scotland, and in 1900 elected to the British House of Commons for Central Edinburgh. Managing trustee of Thomas Nelson & Sons, Edinburgh. Index: B Only son of George Brown, a member of the publishing firm of Thomas Nelson & Sons, 244. Bib.: Who's Who, 1910.
Brown, Henry. WM Lieutenant of Grenadiers, helps to carry Wolfe off the field, 200. Bib.: Doughty, Siege of Quebec.
Brown, James. W Represents Charlotte County in New Brunswick Assembly, brings in bill for teachers' training school, 88. T Surveyor-general in Fisher ministry, 32, 33, 43. Bib.: Hannay, History of New Brunswick.
Brown, John Gordon (1827-1896). Brother of George Brown. Born in Scotland. Educated in Edinburgh and New York. In 1844 engaged on the Toronto Globe; in 1851 editor, and in 1880 managing director. In 1882 retired from the Globe; appointed registrar of the Surrogate Court of Toronto, 1883. Index: B Consulted by George Brown on political situation, 143; George Brown's brother, 243; enters Globe office—his connection with the newspaper, 244, 245; E.W. Thomson's estimate of, 245; his death, June 9, 1896, 245. Bib.: Rose, Cyc. Can. Biog.