Caroline Almanac. Mc Mackenzie publishes, 459.
Caron, Sir Joseph Philippe Réné Adolphe (1843-1908). Born in Quebec. Studied law; entered public life in 1873 as member of Dominion House for Quebec County; elected for Rimouski, 1891. Minister of militia and defence, 1880-1892; postmaster-general, 1892. Bib.: Morgan, Can. Men; Dent, Can. Por.
Caron, Réné Édouard (1800-1876). Born in the parish of Ste. Anne, Lower Canada. Educated at the Seminary of Quebec and at St. Pierre College; studied law and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1826. Mayor of Quebec, 1833-1837; sat in Assembly, 1834-1836; appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada by Lord Gosford, but did not take his seat. Member of the Legislative Council of Canada, 1841; Speaker, 1843-1847 and 1848-1853; member of the La Fontaine-Baldwin government and of the Hincks-Morin government; judge of the Superior Court of Quebec, 1853; afterwards judge of the Court of Queen's Bench and judge of the Seigniorial Court. Index: BL Mayor of Quebec, and member of Legislative Council, 1841, 83; a man of liberal views, 83; member of La Fontaine's ministry, 83; Speaker of Legislative Council—acts as go-between for Draper and La Fontaine, 259-263; president of Legislative Council, 284. E Refuses to enter Draper ministry, 43; becomes president of Council in first La Fontaine-Baldwin Cabinet, 53; leading member of Liberal party in Lower Canada, 109; president of Council in Hincks-Morin government, 113; raised to Bench, 126; judge of Seigniorial Court, 187. Bib.: Turcotte, R. E. Caron; Morgan, Cel. Can.; Taylor, Brit. Am.; Dent, Last Forty Years and Can. Por.
Carondelet. S Spanish governor of Louisiana, his proposition to Simcoe to assist in repelling expected French invasion, 134-136.
Carroll, Charles (1737-1832). Represented Maryland in the Congress at Philadelphia, 1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence. Afterwards elected to the Senate of Maryland and the federal Senate. Index: Dr Accompanies Franklin to Canada, 135. Bib.: Cyc. Am. Biog.
Carter, Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington (1819-1900). Born at St. John's, Newfoundland. Studied law and called to the bar of Newfoundland, 1842; appointed Q. C., 1859. Member of the Legislative Assembly, 1855-1878; Speaker, 1861-1865; premier, 1865-1870 and 1874-1878; knighted, 1878; chief-justice of Newfoundland, 1880. Represented Newfoundland at the Quebec Conference, 1864. Index: T Speaker of Newfoundland Assembly, delegate to Quebec Conference, 77. Bib.: Taylor, Brit. Am.; Morgan, Can. Men.
Carter, Sir James (1805-1878). Born in England. Educated at Cambridge; called to the bar, 1832. In 1834 a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, and in 1851 chief-justice of the province, retiring on a pension in 1865. In 1859 knighted. Spent the latter part of his life in England. Index: W Appointed to New Brunswick Bench and afterwards chief-justice, 74, 130; releases Doak and Hill, 75. T Appointed to New Brunswick Bench, 17, 31; resigns as chief-justice, 1865, 93. Bib.: Hannay, History of New Brunswick.
Cartier, Sir Georges Étienne (1814-1873). Md Associated with Macdonald in MacNab-Taché ministry, 75; forms administration, 86-88; member of mission to England to confer with British government on Confederation, defence, reciprocity, etc., 120; acquisition of North-West Territories, 156-157; supports demand of Red River for self-government, 160; takes advantage of Macdonald's illness to attempt to forestall the Wolseley expedition, 161-162; leads the House during Macdonald's absence in Washington, 173; defeated in Montreal, his influence weakened in Quebec, 195; his early life and alliance with Macdonald, 266; his splendid work for Confederation and its inadequate recognition, 267; the C. B. replaced by a baronetcy, 267; his defeat in Montreal East, 1872, 268; his death in England in 1873, 268; Macdonald's tribute to, on unveiling of his statue, 268. T Delegate to England in union negotiations, 63; at Charlottetown Conference, 74; at Quebec Conference, 76; presented to the queen, 124; in first Confederation ministry, 129. P A man of action, 1; lacking hi personal magnetism, 2; compared with Papineau, 2; blames Papineau and his friends for expelling Mondelet from Assembly, 72. E On Papineau's responsibility for amendment to Union Act, 122; first elected to Legislature in 1849—government candidate for speakership in 1854, defeated, 135,136; his statue, 226. C Follows Papineau, 1; subsequent loyalty to British constitution, 1; born at St. Antoine, on the Richelieu, 3; a descendant of Jacques Cartier, 3; parentage, 3; education, 3-5; Papineau's influence, 5; studies law with Édouard Rodier, 7; Rodier's influence, 7; the poet of Les Fils de la Liberté, 7; takes part in the Rebellion, 7, 8; his escape and exile, 8-9; returns to Montreal, 9; statesmanlike attitude towards Union Act, 16; takes the field against D. B. Viger, 17; his maiden speech, 17, 19; bitterness against Papineau, 18; enters the Assembly, 1849, for Verchères, 21; a born leader, 21; offered seat in Hincks-Morin ministry, 1851, and again in 1853, 22; enters Cabinet, 1855, 22; his law practice, 22-23; causes of his success as a political leader, 23-24; and clerical influence, 28; helped by Radicalism of Liberals, 29; defeated at general election, 1872, by Le Parti National, 30; member of Executive Council, 1855, 31; alliance with Sir Allan MacNab and John A. Macdonald, 31, 33; urges settlement of Seigniorial Tenure, 32; his political principles, 32-33; defends alliance with Upper Canada Conservatives, 33-34; bitterly attacked in Verchères election, 34; breadth of his political activities, 35; reorganizes system of public instruction, 37-38; protects interests of Protestant minority, 38; establishes judicial districts, 38; codifies the laws, 39; gives civil status to parishes, 39-40; his independence, 40-41; his interest in railways and other means of transportation, 45-50; his connection with Pacific Scandal, 53-54; works for Confederation, 55-56; insists on the federal principle, 57-58; and Confederation, 59-65: delegate to London to see British North America Act through Parliament, 67; guest of the queen, 67; elected practically without opposition, 67; premier of Canada, 1858, 62, 67; advises Lord Monck to intrust Taché with duty of forming Cabinet, 68; purchase of Hudson's Bay Company's territories, 68; his definition of the position of French-Canadians, 69; ignores Bishop Taché's warning as to trouble in North-West, 70; introduces Manitoba Bill, 71; safeguards interests of Roman Catholics in Manitoba as to their schools, 71-73; separate schools in New Brunswick, 73; defends federal policy of non-interference, 74-76; loses support of the Ultramontanes, 79-84; defeated in Montreal East, 84; his illness, 85; resigns upon defeat of Militia Bill, 1862, 87; reorganizes the militia, 1868, 87-88; his speeches on British connection, 92; protests against withdrawal of British troops, 92; his political wisdom, 98; establishes political union of the country, 99-100; secret of his Power, 101; relations towards Macdonald, 101-103; his character and policy, 105-108; his personal appearance, 108; his optimism and humour, 109-110; his conservatism, 111; advice to his fellow-countrymen, 112; views on property, 113-114; his economic creed, 115-116; Sir Wilfrid Laurier on, 116-117; religious views, 117; early home influences, 118-122; his social qualities, 122-124; difficulty over his refusal of the honour of C. B., 124-129; made a baronet, 128; quarrel with Wolseley, 130; his last appearance in Parliament, 131; his health breaks down, 131-132; his death in London, May 23, 1873, 132. B And the "Double Shuffle," 107; called on in 1864 to form ministry, but fails, 149; Brown's motion for constitutional changes, 1864, 150; meeting with Brown, 152; Brown's alliance with, for Confederation, 153; suggested by John A. Macdonald as premier of coalition ministry, 191; asks Brown to reconsider his resignation, 196; his prejudice against the Rouges, 200; compared with Joseph Howe, 204. H Accompanies Sir John Macdonald to Halifax in 1868, 210. Bib.: Author of Speeches on the Militia Bill, and of the popular song, O Canada! Mon Pays, Mes Amours! For biog., see David, Esquisse Biographique; Morgan, Cel. Can.: Taylor, Brit. Am.: Dent. Can. Por. and Last Forty Years; Turcotte, Sir G. E. Cartier.
Landing of Jacques Cartier at Quebec, 1535 From the painting by A. Suzor Cote