Cass, Lewis (1782-1866). Served under General Hull in War of 1812. Drew up Hull's flamboyant proclamation to the people of Canada. Opposed surrender of Detroit. Governor of territory of Michigan. Index: Bk On surrender of Detroit, 257. Bib.: Contributed to Historical Sketches of Michigan, 1834. For biog., see McLaughlin, Lewis Cass; Cyc. Am. Biog.
Castillon, Jacques de. Ch Assisted in forming Company of New France, 168; presents pictures to church of Notre Dame de la Recouvrance, 240.
Castle Frank. S Country chalet built for Simcoe near York, 215.
Castle of St. Louis. See Château St. Louis.
Catalogne, Gédéon de. Employed for some years on military and other engineering works in Canada. In 1701 commenced a canal from Lachine to the Little River, with the object of providing a boat channel around the rapids. The work was abandoned, and resumed in 1717, but was again abandoned, owing to the cost of the rock cutting. Accompanied Denonville on his expedition against the Iroquois, in 1687.
Cataraqui. A fort, built by the engineer Raudin in 1673, under Frontenac's orders, the site having been selected by La Salle. The fort stood at the mouth of the Cataraqui, on the site of the present city of Kingston. Here Frontenac held a great Council with representatives of the five Iroquois nations, 1673. On Frontenac's recommendation, Cataraqui was granted to La Salle as a seigniory, upon his repaying the amount the fort had cost the king. Fort Frontenac, as La Salle named it, became the base of his ambitious scheme of western explorations. Index: F Expedition of Courcelles to, 59; of Frontenac, 76-84; fort, afterwards known as Fort Frontenac, erected at, 83. Hd Lands allotted to Loyalists in neighbourhood of, 236, 255; settlers at, 258, 265. S Barracks of, on site of old Fort Frontenac, 51; Loyalist settlements in surrounding country, 58; detail of, 59. See also Kingston; Fort Frontenac; La Salle. Bib.: Machar, Old Kingston; Sulte, Le Fort de Frontenac (R. S. C., 1901); Girouard, L'Expédition du Marquis de Denonville (R. S. C., 1899).
Cathcart, Charles Murray, Earl (1783-1859). Served in Holland, 1799; saw service through Peninsular War; fought at Waterloo; assumed title, 1843; succeeded General Jackson as commander-in-chief of the forces in British North America, 1845; administrator the same year, on the departure of Sir Charles Metcalfe; governor-general, 1846; succeeded by Lord Elgin, 1847. Index: Md Succeeds Metcalfe as governor-general, 25; correspondence with Draper over Macdonald's appointment to Cabinet, 26. BL Becomes administrator, and afterwards governor-general, 265-266; his character and attitude towards political questions in Canada, 266. E Succeeds Metcalfe as governor-general, more interested in problems of defence than in politics, 38; replaced by Elgin, 40; his instructions to Rebellion Losses Commission, 65. B His appointment and character, 28; warns British government of disaffection in Canada, 31. Bib.: Dent, Can. Por. and Last Forty Years; Morgan, Cel. Can.
Catherine. Ch Champlain sails for France in (1626), 155.
Cauchon, Joseph Édouard (1816-1885). Educated at the Séminaire de Québec; studied law and called to the bar, but turned immediately to journalism. Edited Le Canadien for a time; and in 1842 established the Journal de Québec. Entered public life, 1844, as member for Montmorency, which county he represented continuously until 1872. Entered MacNab government, 1855, as commissioner of crown lands. Became commissioner of public works in Cartier-Macdonald ministry, 1861-1862. Speaker of the Senate, 1868-1872. Accepted presidency of the Council in Mackenzie administration, 1875-1877; minister of inland revenue, 1877. Resigned the same year to accept the lieutenant-governorship of Manitoba, 1877-1882. Index: C As journalist and politician, 24; attitude towards Cartier, 24; his writings, 24; praises Cartier in the Journal de Québec, 88. E Brings up question of Seigniorial Tenure in Parliament, 126; votes against secularization of the Clergy Reserves, 164. Bib.: Works: Remarks on the North-West Territories; Étude sur l'Union Projectée des Provinces Britanniques; L'Union des Provinces de l'Amérique du Nord. For biog., see Revue Canadienne, 1884; Dent, Can. Por.; Taylor, Brit. Am.
Caughnawaga Indians. A community of Iroquois, chiefly drawn from the Oneida and Mohawk, and speaking a modification of the Mohawk tongue. Having been converted by the Jesuit missionaries, they were induced to settle in 1668 at La Prairie, near Montreal. In 1676 they removed to Sault St. Louis, and the majority have remained in that vicinity ever since. About 1755 a new settlement was formed at St. Regis, farther up the St. Lawrence. Many accompanied the fur traders to the west as hunters. In the narratives of the fur trade they are referred to as Iroquois. Index: Hd Their sympathies secured for Congress by Jesuits, 130; village of, burned by Sir John Johnson, 156; their disloyalty, 189. Bib.: Colden, Five Nations; Hodge, Handbook of American Indians.