| Statistics of Mileage, Capitalization, and Traffic for the Years 1907 and 1908. | ||
| 1907 | 1908 | |
| Length of railways: | ||
| Double track or more (miles) | 12,845 | 12,926 |
| Single track | 10,263 | 10,279 |
| Total length of line | 23,108 | 23,205 |
| Total length, all tracks, sidings, etc. | 53,158 | 53,669 |
| Total capitalization (paid up) | $6,302,099,773 | $6,382,296,742 |
| Capitalization per mile of line | 272,723 | 275,040 |
| Passenger traffic: | ||
| Passengers carried | 1,259,481,000 | 1,278,115,000 |
| Season ticket journeys | 445,101,956 | 447,516,620 |
| Passengers carried one mile | 13,295,747,058 | 13,459,926,636 |
| Average journey (miles) | 7.8 | 7.8 |
| Receipts from passengers | $205,036,740 | $207,539,004 |
| Average receipts per passenger per mile (cents) | 1.54 | 1.542 |
| Mail and other passenger train receipts | $43,213,632 | $44,067,043 |
| Freight traffic: | ||
| Minerals, tons carried | 407,602,177 | 388,424,541 |
| General merchandise | 108,284,939 | 103,170,515 |
| Total freight, tons | 515,887,116 | 491,595,056 |
| Tons carried one mile | 12,897,177,900 | 12,289,876,400 |
| Average haul (miles) | 25 | 25 |
| Receipts from freight | $298,058,610 | $286,786,249 |
| Average receipts per ton mile (cents) | 2.31 | 2.333 |
| Miscellaneous receipts | $45,634,648 | $45,493,075 |
| Total receipts | $591,943,630 | $583,885,371 |
| Expenses of operation | 373,085,840 | 372,103,990 |
| Ratio of expenses to earnings | 63.0 | 63.75 |
| Net receipts | $218,857,790 | — |
| Percentage to total paid-up capital | 3.47 | — |
| Gross receipts per mile | $25,616 | $25,162 |
| Gross expenses per mile | 16,165 | 16,035 |
| Number of employes | 621,341 | (a)621,341 |
| Total compensation | $158,116,560 | $156,348,915 |
| Proportion of gross earnings | 26.7 | 26.78 |
| Proportion of operating expenses | 42.4 | 42.02 |
| Average per employe per year | $254.47 | $251.78 |
| (a) No enumeration of employes has been made since 1907, the last preceding, in 1904, gave a total of 581,664. | ||
Railways of Germany.
| Statistics of Mileage, Cost of Construction, and Traffic for the Years 1906, 1907 and 1908. | |||
| 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | |
| Length of State railways (miles) | 32,050 | 32,367 | 32,922 |
| Length of private railways | 2,513 | 2,613 | 2,636 |
| Total | 34,563 | 34,980 | 35,558 |
| Cost of construction | $3,613,493,706 | $3,767,220,777 | $3,903,848,400 |
| Cost per mile | 104,548 | 107,694 | 109,788 |
| Passenger traffic: | |||
| Passengers carried | 1,209,224,072 | 1,294,881,923 | 1,361,655,150 |
| Passengers carried (one mile) | 17,189,336,940 | 18,372,644,327 | 19,202,935,120 |
| Average journey (miles) | 14.21 | 14.18 | 14.10 |
| Receipts from passengers | $170,165,002 | $172,339,593 | $178,100,400 |
| Receipts per passenger per mile (cents) | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.93 |
| Freight traffic: | |||
| Fast freight and express: | |||
| Tons carried | 3,791,769 | 3,935,538 | 4,013,970 |
| Tons carried 1 mile | 265,115,720 | 272,898,271 | 269,726,040 |
| Average haul (miles) | 69.91 | 69.34 | 66.96 |
| Receipts from same | $16,924,080 | $17,295,969 | $17,015,040 |
| Receipts per ton mile (cents) | 6.38 | 6.34 | 6.32 |
| All freight: | |||
| Tons carried | 455,144,382 | 484,147,325 | 461,296,759 |
| Tons carried one mile | 28,118,620,680 | 29,702,981,149 | 29,420,680,340 |
| Average haul (miles) | 61.78 | 61.35 | 61.60 |
| Receipts from freight | $397,580,738 | $418,021,052 | $412,635,760 |
| Receipts per ton mile (cents) | 1.41 | 1.41 | 1.42 |
| Miscellaneous receipts | $63,151,060 | $68,413,909 | $56,715,200 |
| Total receipts | $630,796,800 | $658,774,554 | $647,451,503 |
| Expenses of operation | 407,174,400 | 454,610,032 | 476,290,080 |
| Ratio expenses to earnings | 64.5 | 69.1 | 73.6 |
| Net receipts | $223,622,400 | $204,645,522 | $171,261,040 |
| Percentage on cost of construction | 6.18 | 5.42 | 4.51 |
| Gross receipts per mile | $18,251 | $18,833 | $28,173 |
| Gross expenses per mile | 11,780 | 12,996 | 13,489 |
| Number of employes | 648,437 | 695,557 | 699,155 |
| Total compensation | $219,390,932 | $245,389,859 | $259,606,560 |
| Proportion of gross earnings | 34.78 | 37.25 | 40.10 |
| Proportion of operating expenses | 53.88 | 53.98 | 54.50 |
| Average per employe per year | $338.35 | $352.82 | $371.00 |
Mark the increased capital cost per mile and in proportion of wages to earnings, and the increased ratio of net earnings to cost of construction. Then figure how long it will take at this rate before the German people are taxed to support their railways or by increased rates because the railways have been run for politics and not for the people.
[XVI]
GROWTH OF RAILWAYS
In three-quarters of a century American railways, from small beginnings in Pennsylvania in 1827, Maryland in 1828, South Carolina in 1830, and New York and Massachusetts in 1831, show the following remarkable growth by decades:
| Progress of Railways in the United States Since 1835. | |||||||||
| States | 1835 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1909 Incomplete |
| Alabama | 46 | 46 | 75 | 743 | 1,429 | 1,851 | 3,148 | 4,219 | 5,037 |
| Arkansas | — | — | — | 38 | 256 | 896 | 2,113 | 3,341 | 4,883 |
| California | — | — | — | 23 | 925 | 2,220 | 4,148 | 5,744 | 6,835 |
| Colorado | — | — | — | — | 157 | 1,531 | 4,154 | 4,587 | 5,295 |
| Connecticut | — | 102 | 402 | 601 | 742 | 954 | 1,007 | 1,023 | 1,015 |
| Delaware | 16 | 39 | 39 | 127 | 224 | 280 | 328 | 346 | 342 |
| Florida | — | — | 21 | 402 | 446 | 530 | 2,390 | 3,272 | 4,010 |
| Georgia | — | 185 | 643 | 1,420 | 1,845 | 2,535 | 4,105 | 5,639 | 6,868 |
| Idaho | — | — | — | — | — | 220 | 941 | 1,261 | 1,763 |
| Illinois | — | — | 111 | 2,799 | 4,823 | 7,955 | 9,843 | 10,997 | 13,216 |
| Indiana | — | — | 228 | 2,163 | 3,177 | 5,454 | 5,891 | 6,469 | 7,774 |
| Iowa | — | — | — | 655 | 2,683 | 5,235 | 8,347 | 9,180 | 9,923 |
| Kansas | — | — | — | — | 1,501 | 3,439 | 8,806 | 8,719 | 9,125 |
| Kentucky | 15 | 28 | 78 | 534 | 1,017 | 1,598 | 2,694 | 3,059 | 3,484 |
| Louisiana | 40 | 40 | 80 | 335 | 479 | 633 | 1,658 | 2,824 | 4,737 |
| Maine | — | 11 | 245 | 472 | 786 | 1,013 | 1,313 | 1,915 | 2,150 |
| Maryland and D.C. | 117 | 213 | 259 | 386 | 671 | 1,012 | 1,168 | 1,407 | 1,468 |
| Massachusetts | 113 | 301 | 1,035 | 1,264 | 1,480 | 1,893 | 2,094 | 2,118 | 2,126 |
| Michigan | — | 50 | 342 | 779 | 1,638 | 3,931 | 6,789 | 8,193 | 8,976 |
| Minnesota | — | — | — | — | 1,072 | 3,108 | 5,466 | 6,942 | 8,285 |
| Mississippi | — | — | 75 | 862 | 990 | 1,183 | 2,292 | 2,919 | 4,169 |
| Missouri | — | — | — | 817 | 2,000 | 4,011 | 5,897 | 6,867 | 8,200 |
| Montana | — | — | — | — | — | 48 | 2,181 | 3,010 | 3,537 |
| Nebraska | — | — | — | — | 1,812 | 2,000 | 5,274 | 5,684 | 6,099 |
| Nevada | — | — | — | — | 593 | 769 | 925 | 909 | 1,699 |
| New Hampshire | — | 53 | 467 | 661 | 736 | 1,015 | 1,133 | 1,239 | 1,248 |
| New Jersey | 99 | 186 | 206 | 560 | 1,125 | 1,701 | 2,034 | 2,237 | 2,302 |
| New York | 104 | 374 | 1,361 | 2,682 | 3,928 | 6,019 | 7,462 | 8,121 | 8,504 |
| North Carolina | — | 53 | 154 | 937 | 1,178 | 1,499 | 2,904 | 3,808 | 4,476 |
| North Dakota | — | — | — | — | 35 | 635 | 1,940 | 2,731 | 4,026 |
| Ohio | — | 30 | 575 | 2,946 | 3,538 | 5,912 | 7,719 | 8,774 | 9,274 |
| Oklahoma | — | — | — | — | — | 275 | 1,213 | 2,150 | 5,572 |
| Oregon | — | — | — | — | 159 | 582 | 1,269 | 1,723 | 1,939 |
| Pennsylvania | 318 | 754 | 1,240 | 2,598 | 4,656 | 6,243 | 8,307 | 10,277 | 11,357 |
| Rhode Island | — | 50 | 68 | 108 | 136 | 210 | 212 | 212 | 212 |
| South Carolina | 137 | 137 | 289 | 973 | 1,139 | 1,429 | 2,096 | 2,795 | 3,324 |
| South Dakota | — | — | — | — | 30 | 630 | 2,485 | 2,850 | 3,703 |
| Tennessee | — | — | — | 1,253 | 1,492 | 1,824 | 2,710 | 3,124 | 3,761 |
| Texas | — | — | — | 307 | 711 | 3,293 | 7,911 | 9,873 | 12,987 |
| Utah | — | — | — | — | 257 | 770 | 1,090 | 1,547 | 1,986 |
| Vermont | — | — | 290 | 554 | 614 | 912 | 913 | 1,012 | 1,094 |
| Virginia | 93 | 147 | 384 | 1,379 | 1,486 | 1,826 | 3,142 | 3,729 | 4,187 |
| Washington | — | — | — | — | — | 274 | 1,699 | 2,890 | 3,806 |
| West Virginia | — | — | — | — | 387 | 694 | 1,306 | 2,198 | 3,355 |
| Wisconsin | — | — | 20 | 905 | 1,525 | 3,130 | 5,468 | 6,496 | 7,626 |
| Wyoming | — | — | — | — | — | 472 | 941 | 1,228 | 1,526 |
| Arizona | — | — | — | — | — | 384 | 1,061 | 1,511 | 1,930 |
| New Mexico | — | — | — | — | — | 643 | 1,284 | 1,752 | 2,967 |
| Total | 1,098 | 2,818 | 9,021 | 30,635 | 52,922 | 93,671 | 159,271 | 192,940 | — |