[159] Luli is, in Central Asia, the name given to the Gipsies, to which tribe the dancing and singing damsels and the prostitutes generally belonged. This used also to be the case in Turkey; compare Tchenghi, "musician," "dancing girl," and Tchingane, "Gipsy."
[160] Kara-bag (black garden), marked on the maps merely as Bag (garden). Tcliarikar lies north of Kabul, and Pervane lies in the same direction as the pass of that name at the foot of the Hindu Kush. Our author did not take the route now generally used, across the Dendanshiken (tooth-breaker), but the other, which lies more to the east, and which was the one followed by Baber. This is one of the Pervan passes, which, starting from the place of that same name, leads to Badjgah, and from there into the valley of Enderab.
[161] Suleiman Shah was the son of Khan Mirza the Wise, a cousin of Baber's. He had usurped the throne of Bedakhshan in 1508, and was afterward established by Humayun as ruler over the whole of the Upper-Oxus territory.
[162] From the political condition already referred to, it is quite evident why our author chose this very difficult, roundabout route past Badakhshan, the same route which was taken by Sheibani Khan, Baber's adversary, during his campaign against Khosru Shah. Part of ancient Khatlan, also called Khotl, is now included in the Province of Kulab.
[163] Feizabad is now the capital of Badakhshan. It was Suleiman Shah, who made Kishm his residence.
[164] Kalai Zafar (castle of victory) is situated on the Kotchke, a tributary of the Oxus.
[165] Now Semti, on the left side of the Pendje.
[166] Now Kulab (1,810 feet above the sea), situated on a tributary of the Oxus.
[167] Neither Charsui nor Pul-i-Senghin are to be found on any modern map, but as the author identifies Hissar with Chaganian, i.e., places the former in the dominion of the latter province, we may take it that the Kafirnihan river was then the boundary-line of Transoxania.
[168] Hissar, situated at the confluence of the Ilek and the Khanka-Derya, formerly known as Hissar-i-Shadman.