In driving there are so very many things to be remembered and others to be avoided, that I think a few good rules will be the easiest way of mentioning them:
1. Both the reins should be held in the left hand, on no account should either rein be taken out of that hand.
2. The hand should be kept just above the level of the waist, fairly close to the body, the wrist being well bent so as to give plenty of spring to the horse's mouth, the nails and thumb turned towards the body and the elbow close to the hip.
3. The reins should be kept close to the knuckles, so as to avoid the possibility of their slipping out of the hand.
4. The right hand should not be kept altogether on the reins, but when on them it should be slightly in front of the left, and the hands should never be far apart.
5. To shorten either or both the reins push them through the left hand from the front, with the right.
6. To lengthen, pull them through the left hand from the front with the right hand, never let a rein slip.
7. Always hold the whip in the right hand when driving.
8. The whip should be held where it balances best, usually just below the collar, and the thong should be kept fairly high so as to avoid the possibility of the lash tickling the horse.
9. Never jerk a horse when starting, and never flap the reins on his back.