June 28. Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated at Sarajevo, Bosnia.
July 23. Austria presented an ultimatum to Serbia.
July 28. Austria declared war on Serbia.
July 30. Austrians bombarded Belgrade, and Russia began
mobilization.
July 30. Germany made demand for the cessation of Russian
mobilization.
August 1. Germany declared war upon Russia, and France declared
mobilization. Italy notified Germany that she would remain
neutral.
August 2. German troops entered the duchy of Luxemburg, and
German forces appeared before Liege, Belgium. Belgium refused the
passage of German troops through its territory.
August 3. The German Ambassador to Paris demanded his passports
and the French Ambassador to Berlin was recalled. War was
declared between France and Germany. German troops invaded
Belgium.
August 4. Great Britain declared war on Germany, and the House of
Commons voted a war credit of $525,000,000. Germany notified
Belgium of the existence of a state of war between the two
countries. The United States proclaimed its neutrality.
August 5. The Germans attacked Liege. Earl Kitchener was
appointed British Secretary of State for War.
August 6. Austria-Hungary declared war upon Russia, and the
English Parliament voted an additional $500,000,000.
August 8. British troops landed in Belgium. Portugal declared
herself an ally of Great Britain. French troops entered
Alsace-Lorraine. French and German troops met in their first
clash in the Vosges.
August 10. France declared war on Austria-Hungary.
August 12. Great Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary. The
Germans were temporarily repulsed at Haelen.
August 13. Japan sent an ultimatum to Germany.
August 16. German cavalry appeared before Brussels.
August 18. The Belgian Government left Brussels for Antwerp.
August 20. The Germans, unopposed, entered Brussels.
August 22. Namur was besieged by the Germans.
August 23. The Emperor of China declared war upon Germany.
August 23. The Great Retreat of the English and French armies
from Mons began.
August 27. Namur was captured by the Germans. The Kaiser Wilhelm
der Grosse, formerly North German Lloyd liner, was sunk off the
west African coast by the British cruiser Highflyer.
August 30. The Allied forces continued to retire in the direction
of Paris.
September 3. The French Government moved from Paris to Bordeaux.
September 6. The Germans reached the high tide of invasion in
France.
September 12. The Germans continued their retreat from
the Marne.
September 14. Germans reached the Aisne and the Allied armies
attempted to cross, in the face of bitter resistance.
September 14. The Allies crossed the Aisne near Soissons.
September 16. The Russian northern army was forced behind the
Niemen.
September 22. The Germans retired to Noyon. British cruisers
Aboukir, Cressy, and Hogue were sunk in the North Sea by
submarines.
September 24. The Russian forces passed the fortress of Przemsyl.
September 28. Japanese and British forces attacked the fortress
of Tsingtau.
September 29. German forces invested Antwerp.
October 8. Germans entered Antwerp. The garrison escaped.
October 15. The British cruiser Hawke was sunk by a German
submarine in the North Sea.
October 17. Russian armies resumed offensive operations in the
east.
October 20. The bloody battle of the Yser followed the attempt of
German forces to reach the Channel ports.
October 22. The German forces bombarded Lille, France.
October 25. Germans crossed the Yser River near the coast.
October 26. Gavrilo Prinzep and twenty-three accomplices were
found guilty of the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
and his wife.
October 28. The German cruiser Emden sank the Russian cruiser
Zhemtchug in the harbor of Penang. Germans were forced to
evacuate the southern branch of the Yser.
November 1. Five German cruisers defeated the British fleet under
Admiral Cradock off the Chilean coast.
November 2. Great Britain declared the North Sea closed to
commerce.
November 5. Great Britain and France declared war on Turkey.
November 7. The Japanese forces captured Tsingtau.
November 9. The German cruiser Emden was destroyed by the
Australian cruiser Sydney.
November 10. The struggle along the Yser River continued.
Serbians defeated the Austrian army, capturing 2,000 prisoners.
Russian forces resumed the offensive around Warsaw.
November 15. The Serbians were defeated by the Austrian army.
November 16. Belgians flooded the coast lands in order to prevent
the advance of the German forces.
November 19. German forces advancing into Poland were driven
back.
November 29. The Russians continued success against Germans in
Poland.
December 1. General De Wet, leader of the rebellion in South
Africa, was captured, practically ending the rebellion.
December 2. Belgrade was captured by the Austrians.
December 6. Battle of Lodz in Russian Poland, which began on
November 19, was ended with an inconclusive German victory.
December 8. The British fleet near the Falkland Islands met and
destroyed the German squadron which sank two British warships on
November 1, off the coast of Chile.
December 10. A German submarine raided the harbor of Dover,
England.
December 13. British submarine B-11 entered the Dardanelles
under the mine fields and torpedoes and sunk the Turkish
battleship Messudiah.
December 14. Russians defeated the German forces at Mlawa.
Belgrade was recaptured by the Serbians.
December 18. The German army approached Warsaw.
December 19. The Germans were forced to evacuate Dixmude.
December 23. The Turkish army began an advance on the
Suez Canal.
December 24. The Germans defeated the Russian army at Mlawa in
northern Poland. The entire Russian army began a retreat.
December 29. Russian forces were forced to retire in Galicia.
1915
January 1. British battleship Formidable was sunk by a German
submarine in the English Channel.
January 3. The Russian army defeated the Turkish forces in the
Caucasus.
January 6. The Germany army continued to advance in Poland.
January 16. The Russian army of invasion captured one of the
passes over the Carpathian Mountains.
January 21. Austrian forces in northeastern Hungary were
shattered by attacks. General von Falkenhayn, Chief of the German
General Staff, resigned the office of minister of war, and was
succeeded by General von Hohenborn.
January 24. A naval engagement between British and German fleets.
German armored cruiser Blücher was sunk. Other German vessels
fled.
January 29. The Germans assumed the offensive in the forest of
the Argonne.
January 31. German submarines made a second raid in the British
Channel and destroyed several British merchant ships.
February 2. Wiener von Horn, a German-American, unsuccessfully
attempted to dynamite the bridge across the St. Croix River.
February 3. The Turkish forces attempted to force a passage over
the Suez Canal and were repulsed by the British troops.
February 4. Germany declared a war zone of the waters around
Great Britain and Ireland, to go into effect on February 18.
February 8. Russian forces were obliged to evacuate a large part
of the territory held in the province of Bukowina.
February 10. Russian army suffered a disastrous defeat in East
Prussia.
February 18. German decree creating a war zone in the waters
around Great Britain and Ireland went into effect.
February 24. Germans captured Przasnysz, in Russian Poland.
February 27. The William P. Fry, an American sailing vessel,
was sunk by a German cruiser.
March 1. Great Britain and France announced their intention to
prevent commodities of any kind from reaching or leaving Germany.
March 2. Germany offered to modify her submarine warfare if Great
Britain would also make concessions.
March 6. Premier Venizelos resigned his office on account of the
decision of King Constantine to the entrance of Greece on the
side of the Allies.
March 14. The German cruiser Dresden was sunk off the Chilean
coast.
March 19. The French battleship Bouvet and two British
battleships were sunk by floating mines in the Dardanelles.
March 21. Major General Sir William Robert Robertson was
appointed Chief of the General Staff of the British army.
March 22. Austrian fortress of Przemsyl surrendered to the
Russian army.
March 25. French achieved success in upper Alsace.
April 4. German forces in Russia prepared for a great offensive.
April 22. The second battle of Ypres began.
April 25. The battle of Ypres continued.
April 26. The German cruiser Kronprinz Wilhelm was interned at
Newport News.
April 27. The battle of Ypres continued with heavy
losses on both sides.
May 1. Fierce fighting went on in the Gallipoli peninsula. The
American tank ship Gulflight was sunk by a German submarine.
May 6. The Russian forces on the eastern front were routed by
Germans under General Mackensen.
May 7. The transatlantic liner Lusitania was sunk by a German
submarine, with a loss of 1,150 persons, including over 100
Americans.
May 13. The Bryce Commission on Belgian atrocities made public
its report. The American Government protested to Germany over the
sinking of the Lusitania.
May 14. Fierce fighting continued in the Ypres sector. The
Russian armies retreated before the Germans, barely escaping a
rout.
May 23. Italy declared war against Austria-Hungary.
May 28. Germany replied to the American note on the Lusitania.
June 1. Przemsyl was recaptured by the Austro-German forces.
June 9. Italian troops defeated Austrians on the Isonzo River.
June 20. Mackensen defeated Russians at Rawa-Russka.
July 9. The German forces in German Southwest Africa surrendered
to General Botha.
July 12. The German cruiser Königsberg was destroyed by British
war vessels off East Africa.
August 5. Warsaw was captured by Austro-German forces.
August 10. The training of reserve officers was begun at
Plattsburg.
August 17. London was raided by a Zeppelin, killing ten persons.
August 19. The liner Arabic was sunk by a German submarine.
August 21. Italy declared war against Turkey.
September 1. The German Ambassador declared that no more
passenger ships would be sunk without warning.
September 2. President Wilson received a message from the Pope in
relation to peace.
September 9. United States Government asked Austria-Hungary to
recall Ambassador Dumba.
September 25. The French and British began offensive in
Champagne.
September 29. British forces defeated the Turks in Mesopotamia.
October 4. British and French troops landed at Saloniki aid
Serbia.
October 5. Premier Venizelos of Greece resigned after King
Constantine refused to support the Allies.
October 6. The French launched a successful attack in Champagne.
October 9. Belgrade was captured by the Austro-German forces.
October 13. Edith Cavell was shot by the Germans as a spy.
October 14. Bulgaria declared war on Serbia.
October 19. Major General Monro succeeded Sir Ian Hamilton in
command of operations in the Dardanelles.
October 22. The Germans inflicted a severe defeat on the Russian
armies.
October 25. The French made gains in Champagne.
November 18. The British resumed advance at Gallipoli.
November 25. The British retired to Kut-el-Amara.
December 3. The American Government demanded the recall of
Captains Boy-Ed and Von Papen, German diplomats.
December 15. Sir Douglas Haig was appointed Commander in Chief of
the British forces in France.
December 19. The British evacuated Anzac and Suvla Bay,
Gallipoli.
December 29. Austria met American demands in regard to the
Anoona.
1916
January 1. Fighting was renewed at the Dardanelles.
January 7. German Ambassador notified the American Government
that submarine operations in the Mediterranean would be conducted
according to international law.
January 8. Germany notified the United States that vessels would
be sunk only when carrying contraband of war and that the safety
of crews would be provided for.
January 9. British forces successfully evacuated Gallipoli.
January 25. The French carried on successful operations around
Nieuport.
January 29. Paris was attacked by Zeppelins.
February 6. Field Marshal von Mackensen assumed command of the
Austro-German army opposing the Allies at Saloniki.
February 9. The Russians began a new offensive in Galicia.
February 16. The city of Erzerum was captured by the Russians.
The British declared that they had completed the conquest of
Kamerun, a German colony in Africa.
February 24. The great German drive at Verdun was repulsed.
February 26. The Germans captured important points about Verdun.
February 28. Turks evacuated Trebizond and other Black Sea ports.
March 8. The German Government presented a memorandum stating its
attitude on the submarine boat controversy.
March 16. Terrific fighting went on around Verdun.
March 18. Germans occupied part of the town of Vaux.
March 24. The English steamship Sussex was sunk by a German
submarine; many passengers killed.
April 18. Secretary Lansing declared to Germany that relations
would be severed if submarine attacks on steamships continued.
April 19. President Wilson addressed Congress on the submarine
issue.
April 22. Sir Roger Casement was captured on the Irish coast.
April 24. A revolt broke out in Dublin.
April 25. A squadron of German cruisers raided the English coast.
April 27. Martial law was declared throughout Ireland.
April 29. Surrender of British at Kut-el-Amara was announced.
May 3. Several leaders of the Irish rebellion were executed for
treason.
May 5. Activity was renewed along the entire Eastern front.
May 10. Germany admitted that the Sussex was sunk by a German
submarine.
May 31. The British and German fleets met at Jutland; after a
fierce engagement the German fleet fled.
June 5. Earl Kitchener and many others were lost when the British
cruiser Hampshire went down off the Orkney Islands.
June 17. The Russian army entered Czernowitz.
July 6. David Lloyd George was appointed Secretary of War for
Great Britain.
July 7. The British resumed the offensive on the Somme.
July 11. The Germans advanced east of the Meuse at Verdun.
July 22. Russian forces achieved successes in the Riga district.
July 27. Captain Charles Fryatt was executed by the Germans for
attempting to ram a submarine.
August 4. The French gained successes at Verdun.
August 9. Italian forces occupied the Austrian city of Goritz.
August 27. Rumania declared war on Austria-Hungary.
August 30. Field Marshal von Hindenburg succeeded
General von Falkenhayn as Chief of Staff of the German armies.
September 3. Allies renewed their offensive north of the Somme
River. Bulgarian and German troops invaded Rumania in Dobrudja.
September 14. The Fourth Greek Army Corps, with headquarters at
the port of Kavala, was placed in the hands of the Germans.
October 7. British and French troops in the Somme district
advanced on a front of ten miles.
October 23. Constanza, Rumania, was captured by the
Bulgar-Turco-German army.
October 24. At Verdun, French penetrated German lines to a depth
of two miles, winning back the fort and village of Douaumont, the
Thiaumont field work, Haudromont Quarries, and Caillette Wood.
November 2. The Germans at Verdun evacuated Fort Vaux.
November 6. British steamer Arabia torpedoed and sunk in the
Mediterranean; passengers rescued.
November 13. British launched a new offensive against German line
in France on both sides of the Ancre Brook.
November 21. The German Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gottlieb von
Jagow, resigned. Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of
Hungary, died at Schönbrunn Castle, near Vienna, at the age of
eighty-six. His nephew, Archduke Charles Francis Joseph,
succeeded.
November 29. Admiral Sir David Beatty was appointed to command
the British grand fleet, succeeding Sir Jellicoe.
December 5. Herbert H. Asquith resigned as Prime Minister of
England.
December 7. David Lloyd George accepted the British post of Prime
Minister and First Lord of the Treasury.
1917
January 10. The Allied Governments stated their terms of peace; a
separate note from Belgium included.
January 22. President Wilson addressed the Senate, giving his
ideas of steps necessary for world peace.
January 31. Germany announced unrestricted submarine warfare in
specified zones.
February 3. United States severed diplomatic relations with
Germany; German Ambassador von Bernstorff was dismissed.
February 24. Kut-el-Amara taken by British, under General Maude
(campaign begun December 13).
March 4. Announced that the British had taken over from the
French the entire Somme front.
March 11. Bagdad captured by British under General Maude.
March 11-15. Revolution in Russia, leading to abdication of Czar
Nicholas II.
March 15. Russian Provisional Government formed by Constitutional
Democrats under Prince Lvoff and M. Milyukoff.
March 17-19. Retirement of Germans to "Hindenburg Line";
evacuation of 1,300 square miles of French territory on front of
100 miles from Arras to Soissons.
March 27. United States Minister Brand Whitlock and American
Relief Commission were withdrawn from Belgium.
April 2. President Wilson asked Congress to declare the existence
of a state of war with Germany.
April 6. United States declared war on Germany.
April 8. Austria-Hungary severed diplomatic relations with the
United States.
April 9-May 14. British successes in Battle of Arras (Vimy Ridge
taken April 9).
April 16-May 6. French successes in Battle of the Aisne between
Soissons and Rheims.
April 20. Turkey severed relations with United States.
May 15-September 15. Great Italian offensive on Isonzo front
(Carso Plateau); capture of Gorizia, August 9; Monte Santo taken
August 24; Monte Gabriele, September 14.
May 15. General Pétain succeeded General Nivelle as commander in
chief of the French armies.
May 17. Russian Provisional Government reconstructed. Kerensky
(former Minister of Justice) became Minister of War. Milyukoff
resigned.
May 18. President Wilson signed Selective Service Act.
June 7. British blew up Messines Ridge, south of Ypres, and
captured 7,500 German prisoners.
June 12. King Constantine of Greece forced to abdicate.
June 26. First American troops reached France.
June 29. Greece entered war against Germany and her allies.
July 4. Resignation of Bethmann-Hollweg as German Chancellor. Dr.
George Michaelis, Chancellor (July 14).
July 20. Drawing at Washington of names for first army under
selective service.
July 20. Kerensky became Russian Premier on resignation of Prince
Lvoff.
July 31-November. Battle of Flanders (Passchendaele Ridge);
British successes.
August 15. Peace proposals of Pope Benedict revealed (dated
August 1); United States replies, August 27; Germany and Austria,
September 21; supplementary German reply, September 26.
August 20-24. French at Verdun recaptured high ground lost in
1916.
September 8. Luxburg dispatches ("spurlos versenkt") revealed.
October 24-December. Great German-Austrian counterdrive into
Italy; Italian line shifted to Piave River, Asiago Plateau, and
Brenta River.
October 26. Brazil declared war on Germany.
October 27. Second Liberty Loan closed ($3,000,000,000 offered;
$4,617,532,300 subscribed).
November 7. Overthrow of Kerensky and Provisional Government of
Russia by the Bolsheviki.
November 13. Clemenceau succeeds Ribot as French Premier.
November 18. British forces in Palestine take Jaffa.
November 22-December 13. Battle of Cambrai; successful surprise
attack near Cambrai by British under General Byng on November 22
(employs "tanks" to break down wire entanglements in place of the
usual artillery preparations); Bourlon Wood, dominating Cambrai,
taken November 26; surprise counterattack by Germans, December 2,
compels British to give up fourth of ground gained.
November 29. First plenary session of the Inter-Allied Conference
in Paris; sixteen nations represented; Colonel E. M. House,
Chairman of American delegation.
December 5. President Wilson, in message to Congress, advised war
with Austria.
December 6. United States destroyer Jacob Jones sunk
by submarine.
December 6-9. Armed revolt overthrew Administration in Portugal.
December 7. United States declared war on Austria-Hungary.
December 9. Jerusalem captured by British advancing from Egypt.
December 13. Berlin announced armistice negotiations with Russia;
began December 16. German aerial bombs kill several United States
railway engineers, and two engineers died from gunshot wounds.
December 15. Inter-Allied Economic Council, Great Britain,
France, and Italy represented, organizes in London, elects
Assistant Secretary of United States Treasury, Oscar T. Crosby,
president. Armistice agreement between Bolshevik Government and
Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk.
December 18. Sixteen to twenty large German Gothas raid London,
kill ten, injure seventy; two of the raiders are brought down.
December 23. General Guillaumat succeeded Sarrail as commander in
chief of Allied forces at Saloniki.
December 27. Turkish army defeated by British in attempt to
retake Jerusalem.
1918
January 5. Between Lens and St. Quentin, German raids on British
lines were repulsed with heavy enemy losses.
January 7. In mutiny at Kiel, German naval base, submarine crews
killed thirty-eight of their officers.
January 14. Attempt was made to shoot Russian Premier Lenine.
January 28. In Italian offensive east of Asiago Plateau, Italian
forces captured Col del Rosso and Col d'Echele, and 1,500
prisoners. Rumanians captured Kishineff, capital of Bessarabia.
Allied aviators attacked Zeebrugge. German airplanes raided
London, killed 47, injured 169. Germans made air raid on Paris,
killed 36, injured 190.
January 31. It was for the first time announced that the United
States troops were occupying first-line trenches. Germans raided
American line, killed two, wounded four, one missing.
February 1. Major General Peyton C. March made Chief of General
Staff. Italians advanced to head of Melago Valley. Rumanians
occupied Kishineff. Bolsheviki seized Rumanian ships in Black
Sea; captured Odessa and Orenburg.
February 5. United States transport Tuscania torpedoed off
Irish coast; loss, 101.
February 21. British troops occupied Jericho, fourteen miles from
Jerusalem.
February 22. United States troops were in the Chemin-des-Dames
sector, the Aisne, France.
February 27. Japan proposed joint military operation with Allies
in Siberia to save military and other supplies.
March 1. Generals Kaledine and Korniloff defeated by Bolsheviki
near Rostof-on-Don.
March 2. Kieff, held by Bolsheviki since February 8, was occupied
by German and Ukrainian troops.
March 3. By treaty of peace with four Central Powers signed at
Brest-Litovsk, Bolsheviki agreed to evacuate Ukrainia, Esthonia,
and Livonia, Finland, the Aland Islands, and Transcaucasian
districts of Erivan, Kars, and Batum.
March 4. Germany and Finland signed treaty.
March 8. In the Ypres-Dixmude sector Germans attacked on mile
front; English counterattacked. Leon Trotzky resigned as Russian
Foreign Minister.
March 9. Russian capital moved from Petrograd to Moscow.
March 10. British occupied Hit, in Mesopotamia.
March 12. In Toul sector United States artillery discovered and
blew to pieces German gas projectors, upsetting plans for gas
attack.
March 13. German troops entered Odessa and gained control of
Black Sea, with fifteen Russian warships.
March 18. Great Britain and United States took over Dutch
shipping in United States and British ports.
March 21. Beginning of "Big Drive" on 50-mile front, from Arras
to La Fère. On Luneville sector United States artillery fire
destroyed first-and second-line positions. Canadians made gas
attack between Lens and Hill 70. British monitors bombard Ostend.
German long-range gun bombarded Paris.
March 26. Battle continued on whole front south of Somme.
March 27. General Pershing offered all United States forces for
service wherever needed.
March 28. Heavy fighting along 55-mile front, from the southeast
of Somme to northeast of Arras. Entire Turkish force in area of
Hit, in Mesopotamia, was captured or destroyed; 3,000 prisoners
taken (including German officers), 10 guns, 2,000 rifles, many
machine guns, 600 animals. British forces crossed the River
Jordan.
March 29. The French General, Ferdinand Foch, chosen commander in
chief of all Allied forces in France (British, French, American,
Italian, Belgian, and Portuguese). The German long-range gun
killed seventy-five worshipers at Good Friday services in a Paris
church, and wounded ninety.
April 1. Long-distance bombardment of Paris continued; four were
killed, nine injured.
April 3. War Council at Washington, D. C., announced that all
available shipping would be used to rush troops to France.
April 5. United States army at end of the first year of the war
totaled more than 1,500,000 men.
April 7. United States troops in Toul sector repelled two German
raids. Turks took Ardahan from Armenians; Constantinople reported
Turkish troops advancing over wide area in the Caucasus.
April 10. British and Portuguese, on line from La Bassée Canal to
Armentières, were forced back six miles; at Messines Ridge, south
of Ypres, British retired two miles. In a counterattack on
Givenchy, British took 750 prisoners.
April 12. Field Marshal Haig issued a special order of the day:
"All positions must be held to the last man."
April 13. Germans captured Rossignol, advanced to border of
Nieppe Wood; took 400 prisoners. French held Hangard against
repeated counterattacks and repulsed German raids between the
Ailette and the Aisne. The British and French Governments agreed
to confer on General Foch title of Commander in Chief of Allied
armies in France.
April 15. Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Minister, resigned.
April 22. Baron von Richthofen, the leader of the German flyers,
with eighty victories, was brought down behind the British
lines.
April 24. Germans attacked the whole front south of the
Somme, but were repulsed; in later attacks gained
Villers-Bretonneux, east of Robec.
April 25. Germans assaulted from Wytschaete to Bailleul; in Lys
salient, French and British lost ground. Germans captured
Hangard.
April 28. The loss of Kemmel Heights forced British to retire.
Locre changed hands five times; Germans got footing there, but
were driven from Voormezeele.
May 6. Treaty of peace was signed at Bucharest by representatives
of Rumania and the four Central Powers.
May 19. Australians captured Ville-sur-Ancre, a mile from
Morlancourt; 360 prisoners, 20 machine guns; German raids in
Picardy and Lorraine are repelled by United States troops.
May 21. President Wilson named Peyton C. March, Chief of Staff,
with rank of General.
May 25-June 14. German submarines sank nineteen ships off coasts
of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia.
May 27. Big drive begun on western front; Germans drove Allies
across the Aisne-Marne Canal; Germans attacked British at
Berry-au-Bac and the French by the Chemin-des-Dames Ridge; near
Dickebusch Lake, Germans penetrated French positions, advanced in
Aisne Valley, reached Pont-Arcy.
May 30. Germans advanced to within two miles of Rheims.
May 31. German forces north of the Aisne advanced to Nouvron and
Fontenoy, but failed to cross the Marne.
June 1. Germans attacked on whole front between the Oise and the
Marne, advanced as far as Nouvron and Fontenoy; attack on Fort de
la Pompelle drove out French, who counterattacked, regained
positions, and took 400 prisoners and four tanks.
June 5. Germans advanced on south bank of Aisne, took Dommiers;
United States troops penetrated enemy positions in Picardy and
Lorraine; French counterattack regained ground near Vingre.
June 6. West of Château-Thierry, United States troops drove
Germans a mile on two-mile front, took 270 prisoners; United
States and French troops advanced in region of Neuilly-la-Poterie
and Bouresches; German attacks at Champlat, heights of Bligny,
southwest of Ste. Euphraise and between the Marne and Rheims,
were repulsed: French took Le Port, west of Fontenoy and north of
the Aisne, village of Vinly, and regained Hill 204.
June 7. United States and French troops took villages of
Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches and Bligny, between the Marne
and Rheims, and 200 prisoners.
June 8. By attacks on the Marne, Franco-American troops put
Germans on defensive; United States forces, under General
Pershing, captured and held Bouresches.
June 11. Allies in counteroffensive advance on seven-mile front
between Montdidier and Noyon retook much ground; took 1,000
prisoners.
June 16. On Italian front Allies regained all ground lost in
first Austrian rush, except a few places on Piave River.
June 19. 40,000 Germans attacked Rheims from three sides;
repulsed.
June 23. Italian forces drove the Austrians across the Piave
River, with a loss of 180,000 men.
June 25. American marines and regulars cleared Belleau Wood.
June 29. Italian forces continued successes.
June 30. France recognized the Czecho-Slovaks as a
separate nation.
July 1. American forces landed at Kola, Finland.
July 9. The French armies advanced on a wide front.
July 12. The Austrian armies were badly beaten by the Italians at
Berat. French troops continued advance on western front.
July 13. The former Czar Nicholas of Russia was assassinated.
July 15. Germans began fifth drive on a fifty-mile front.
July 18. French and German troops began great counteroffensive.
July 19. Germans began retreat from the Marne.
July 21. Château Thierry was occupied by French and American
forces.
July 25. Allies continued to close the pocket of the Aisne-Marne
salient.
August 3. The Allies advanced on a wide front.
August 4. The German retreat in the Aisne region continued.
August 7. American and French troops crossed the Vesle River in
pursuit of the Germans.
August 8. New French and British offensive in the Somme region.
August 17. American troops took back several villages.
August 23. The British continued to advance in the Somme region.
August 25. The British advanced ten miles on a thirty-mile front,
taking nearly 20,000 prisoners.
August 29. The British captured Bapaume.
August 31. The British, aided by the 27th and 30th American
Divisions, captured Mount Kemmel.
September 5. The Allies advanced on a ninety-mile front.
September 7. The Germans began retreat on a 100-mile front.
September 11. British, French, and American forces closed in on
the Hindenburg line.
September 13. American forces cleared the St. Mihiel salient and
took 12,000 prisoners.
September 22. General Allenby defeated Turks in Palestine.
September 27. The British advanced on the Cambrai front.
September 29. British and American forces pierced the Hindenburg
line.
September 30. The Belgians captured Roulers.
October 1. French reentered St. Quentin.
October 2. American troops forced back Germans in Argonne Forest.
October 5. Germans abandoned Lille.
October 6. Prince Max, the German Chancellor, proposed a
suspension of hostilities.
October 7. The German retreat continued.
October 8. President Wilson asked Germany's intentions in regard
to peace.
October 9. The British took Cambrai.
October 18. Many towns in Belgium recaptured by Allies.
October 24. Allies continued to advance on all fronts.
October 28. Hungary accepted terms offered by Allies.
October 30. Italians advanced north of the Piave.
November 1. American troops advanced to Grandpré.
November 4. Austria accepts terms of truce.
November 5. The American first army advanced on both sides of the
Meuse.
November 8. General Foch received German armistice delegates.
Republic proclaimed in Bavaria.
November 9. Socialists took over government in Berlin.
November 10. Kaiser Wilhelm fled to Holland.
November 11. German envoys signed armistice terms.
November 20. French entered Buda-Pesth. German submarines
surrendered to British. American troops crossed the Lorraine
frontier.
November 21. The entire German fleet surrendered to Allies.
November 22. King Albert makes triumphal entry into Brussels.
December 1. American troops crossed the frontier of Prussia.