[221]. It appears to be uncertain whether this is really the literal meaning of the word, its current connotation being purely the political one.
[222]. The word “Millet” means simply “religious sect” in the Arabic language, from which it was borrowed by the Turks.
[223]. Erzeroum, Van, Bitlis, Diyarbekir, Mamouret-ul-Aziz, Sivas.
[224]. Article 61.
[225]. There was an equally vague clause to the same effect in the special “Cyprus Convention” between Turkey and Great Britain, but in neither treaty was there any guarantee of its observance. The Berlin Treaty merely provided that the Ottoman Government should communicate its measures of reform to the Powers, but, as they were never carried out they were never reported.
[226]. Russia began to acquire territory south of the Caucasus at the beginning of the nineteenth century, when the last King of Georgia ceded his Kingdom to the Tsar, to save it from the hands of the Turks and Persians.
[227]. Tiflis, the former capital of the Georgian Kingdom and now the administrative centre of the Russian Provinces of the Caucasus, has become practically an Armenian city in the course of the nineteenth century, and Armenian settlements have spread far further into the interior of Russia.
[228]. Though the British Government was the only Government that attempted to put pressure on the Turks to desist. In Germany it was the mot d’ordre that the massacres were a British invention with a political purpose, and the German Emperor shortly afterwards sent his portrait to Abd-ul-Hamid as a complimentary gift.
[229]. In such publications as Vérité sur le mouvement révolutionnaire Arménien et les mesures gouvernementales (Constantinople, 1916); or Die Armenische Frage, von C.A. Bratter (Berlin, Concordia-Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1915).