XI. Where Animals Damage Growing Crops.
Where animals belonging to any person injure the vineyard or growing grain of another, the owner of said animals shall give to the person whose property was damaged, as much of another vineyard or field, with its fruit or crop, as is equal in value to that destroyed by said animals. If the owner of said animals should not have a field or vineyard with which to make restitution, he shall give as much fruit or grain as shall be estimated to be equal in value to the land in question.
ANCIENT LAW.
XII. Where an Enclosed Field is Ruined by Flocks.
If anyone turns cattle into an enclosed meadow, at such a time that the grass will not grow afterwards, so that it can be cut, and he who committed this act should be a slave, he shall receive forty lashes with the scourge, and shall give to the owner of said meadow, hay equal in amount to that which was destroyed. If he is a person of inferior rank, he shall pay one tremisa for every two head of cattle, and make restitution for the hay; if he is a person of superior rank, he shall pay one solidus for every two head of cattle, and shall make restitution for the hay, according to its value, as aforesaid.
ANCIENT LAW.
XIII. Where Fruits of any Kind are Destroyed by Animals.
If anyone should find a horse, or any cattle belonging to another in his vineyard, field of grain, meadow, or garden, he must not drive them out in anger, lest they be injured thereby; but, having driven them home, he must shut them up, and notify the owner; that the amount of damage caused by said cattle may be appraised by themselves, or by their neighbors. Both parties must visit the field in question; and, after they have examined it, that part of the pasture, vineyard, meadow, or crop, which was injured shall be measured, and they must then wait until the fruit is gathered, or the crop harvested, in order that the damage may be estimated by its comparison with that portion of the field which was uninjured; and the fruit shall be gathered, or the grain harvested, in the presence of witnesses, both from that portion which was damaged, and that which was intact; and whatever deficiency shall appear in the portion invaded by the cattle, must be made up by the owner of said cattle. The cattle, after the field shall have been measured, as aforesaid, shall be returned to their owner, as is provided by law. If any of them should be injured, on account of the unbridled anger of him who drives them out, the latter shall only pay their full value to their owner, and shall be entitled to retain all that he has mutilated or killed; provided, however, that he has previously paid for them. Where any cattle, while being driven out, are injured by accident, and not by design; or should be killed, or should fall upon posts, or stakes; the party driving them shall only be liable for one half the damages sustained, as has been provided by other laws.
ANCIENT LAW.
XIV. Where, while Anyone is Driving Cattle out of Cultivated Fields, Another Person Rescues them, or Takes Possession of them afterwards, Secretly or by Force.