“In addition to these experiments, we have made some observations clinically. To eighteen adults—fourteen men and four women—we ordered ten grains of the pure nitrite of sodium in an ounce of water, and of these seventeen declared that they were unable to take it.… One man, a burly, strong fellow, suffering from a little rheumatism only, said that after taking the first dose he ‘felt giddy,’ as if he would ‘go off insensible.’ His lips, face, and hands turned blue, and he had to lie down for an hour and a half before he dared move. His heart fluttered, and he suffered from throbbing pains in the head. He was urged to take another dose, but declined on the ground that he had a wife and family. Another patient had to sit down for an hour after the dose, and said that it ‘took all his strength away.’ He, too, seemed to think that the medicine did not agree with him.… The women appear to have suffered more than the men.… One woman said that ten minutes after taking the first dose—she did not try a second—she felt a trembling sensation all over her, and suddenly fell on the floor. Whilst lying there, she perspired profusely, her face and head seemed swollen and throbbed violently, until she thought they would burst.… Another woman said she thought she would have died after taking a dose; it threw her into a violent perspiration, and in less than five minutes her lips turned quite black and throbbed for hours; it upset her so much that she was afraid she would never get over it. The only one of the fourteen patients who made no complaint after taking ten grains was powerfully affected by fifteen.… The effect on these patients was so unpleasant that it was deemed unadvisable to increase the dose.”—Drs. Ringer and Murrell in Lancet, Nov. 3, 1883.
Held a License for Vivisection at University College, London, Physiological Theatre in 1878.
Nasse, Hermann. Prof. Med. Fac., Univ. Marburg.
Author of “Ueber die Ausfluss geschwindigkeit des Blutes aus den Halsgefässen der Hunde und über die modification derselben durch Infusion von Kochsalz in die Gefässe,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. XXII., p. 513.
“Exper. No. 121, was made on a dog of about 14 kgr. weight, very thin, whose blood was particularly poor. Blood was drawn from the carotid artery, the jugular vein, and the vena cava superior at the same time, the last drops of which already thickened in the glass cannula. Respiration had ceased. Only once after a long rest, did the dog draw a deep breath with open mouth as usually happens immediately before death. The pulsations of the heart were scarcely perceptible. I then tried electric stimulation of the nervus vagus, after dissecting it out, but without causing any pulsation of the heart or breathing, either during the stimulation or when it ceased. Death was undoubtedly near. I then injected into the jugular vein a solution of common salt. Tetanus followed each injection—immediately afterwards the heart began to beat again and the blood streamed out of the arteries. When the bleeding ceased, I again injected the solution rather weaker than at first. No cramps followed but the flow of blood continued. The third injection produced the same result, but death followed soon after. The whole experiment had lasted an hour and a-half.”—“Ueber die Ausflussgeschwindigkeit d. Blutes,” etc., Pflüger’s Archiv., Vol. XXII., pp. 547-8.
Naunyn, Bernhardt. B. in Berlin, 1839. Studied at Bonn and Berlin. Asst. Med. Clin., Berlin, under Prof. Frerichs, 1863; Prof. Med. Clinic. Dorpat, 1869; Prof. Berne, 1871; Prof. Med. Fac. Univ., Königsberg, 1872.
Co-editor with Klebs and Schmiedeberg of “Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie.” Author of “Handbuch der Intoxicationen” and “Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie,” jointly with R. Boehm, 1874; jointly (with Schreiber) of “Experiments on compression of the brain,” Arch. f. exper. Pathol. u. Pharmak., Vol. XIV., No. 2, p. 1. Contrib. various articles to “Du Bois Reymond’s Archiv.”; also to Ziemssen’s “Cyclopædia of Medicine.”
“The authors [B. Naunyn and Schreiber] have experimented upon dogs. A trephine is applied to the parietal bone. A tube is inserted into the opening thus made. Besides this another tube is brought into communication with the cerebro-spinal cavity on a level with the swelling formed by the meninges round the cauda equina. For this purpose it is sufficient to take out a few of the spinal apophyses of the corresponding vertebræ. One obtains thus, as it were, two receptacles communicating by the intermediary of the cephalo-spinal liquid, and it becomes easy to augment the pressure of this liquid.… Pain is one of the very first results produced, and it is the more intense, if the pressure be immediately brought to its greatest height. Soon, convulsions follow. These seldom are epileptiform.… Breathing becomes slower, then irregular, then disappears.”—Archives Générales de Médecine, VIIᵉᵐ. Série, Vol. I., 1882, p. 743.
Nepveu, G. Surgeon, Paris; form. Res. Hosp. Sur., La Pitié Mem. Chir. Soc. Paris.
Newman, David, 18, Woodside Place, Glasgow, N.B. M.D. Glasg. (with high commendations), 1883; M.B. Glasg. and C.M. 1878; F.F.P.S. Glasg. 1881 (Univs. Glasg. and Leipsig); Mem. Philos. Path. and Clin. and Med. and Chir. Socs. Glasg.; Exam. in Physiol. and Path. Univ. Glasg.; Extra. Disp. Surg. Western Infirm.