138.
Our problem in which it is stated that A with 8d. met B and C with five and three loaves, and asked how the cash should be divided between B and C, if all agreed to share the loaves. Now each eats two loaves and two-thirds of a loaf, and B gives seven-thirds of a loaf to A, while C gives him one-third of a loaf. So B receives 7d. and C 1d.
139.
When, on opening four money-boxes containing pennies only, it was found that those in the first with half of all the rest, those in the second with a third of the others, those in the third with a fourth, and those in the fourth with a fifth of all the rest, amounted in each case to 740, the four boxes held £6. 1s. 8d., and the numbers of pennies were 20, 380, 500, and 560.
140.
If two steamers, A and B, start together for a trip to a distant buoy and back, and A steams all the time at ten knots an hour, while B goes outward at eight knots and returns at twelve knots an hour, B will regain port later than A, because its loss on the outward course will not have been recovered on the run home.