This program should be liberally illustrated with photographs; if no others can be obtained, the Perry pictures will do excellently. Those who have been abroad may compare impressions of different painters, and especially of the various Madonnas painted by Raphael. Pictures of the exterior and interior of the Sistine Chapel and of Saint Peter's should be shown, with colored photographs of the frescoes on the walls and ceiling of the former.
III—SPAIN
1. Early Spanish Painters—Murillo: the artist of the church; his Madonnas. Ribera.
2. Velazquez—The artist of the crown; influence on him of Herrera and Pacheco; peculiarly Spanish character; his patron, Philip IV.; the forty portraits of this king; visit of the painter to Italy; mythological and religious pictures; his Christ on the Cross.
3. Recent Spanish Painters—Goya: his portraits; story of his quarrel with the Duke of Wellington. Fortuny: influence upon him of Meissonier; small and motley figures. Zuloaga: resemblance of style to Goya. Sorolla y Bastida: painter of sunshine on figures; pictures in the Luxembourg and the Metropolitan Museum.
4. The Madrid Gallery—The greatest picture-gallery of the world; built for Charles III. Collections of Charles V., Philip II., and Philip IV. (2,000 pictures.) Its paintings by Titian, Raphael, Tintoretto, Velazquez, Van Dyck, Rubens, and Teniers. Huge modern historical works like those at Versailles.
Books to Consult—Curtis: Velazquez and Murillo. Armstrong: Life of Velazquez. Stirling-Maxwell: Annals of the Artists of Spain. Temple: Modern Spanish Painting.
There were several great patrons of art in Spain, like Charles V. and Philip II. Read of their relations to the painters and their work. Discuss the contribution of the Spanish painters to realism. How does Velazquez compare with Raphael? Analyze the peculiar contribution of Sorolla to modern painting.
IV—HOLLAND AND BELGIUM
1. Painters of Interiors—Metsu, Van Ostade, Jan Steen, Wouvermans. Note the humor and satire in the painters of genre; also, their minutely careful method.