THE FIGURES.
Of Om (On Or En) of Hindu Ontology.
| I. | Mudrá, Madawar, Sphere or Sphaira. |
| A Symbol of the Universe and Universalia. | |
| A System of the Universal Religion. | |
| ॐकार मुद्रा । अखण्डमण्डलाकारं व्याप्तयेनचराचर स्वरूपं । | |
| II. | The circle O, An Emblem of infinity and Eternity. |
| A Type of the Catholic Theism of Hindus. | |
| ॐकार वृत्तं । अनाद्यनन्तसनातन व्राह्मधर्म्मस्वरूपञ्च । | |
| III. | The convexity of O. A Type of the Extramundane, |
| Unknowable and Absolute Supreme Brahma. | |
| Significant of Agnoism and Agnosticism. | |
| ॐवृत्तपरिधेःपरं । अपरिमेयाज्ञेयतुरीयपरव्रह्म स्वरूपं । | |
| IV. | The concavity of O. Emblem of Intramundane |
| Immensity of knowable Nature and its God Brahma . | |
| And Indicative of Gnosticism and Pantheism. | |
| ॐकारबृत्तमध्यं । प्रज्ञेय निर्गुणब्रह्मतथाज्ञेयब्रह्माण्डस्वरूपं । | |
| V. | The circle with the Central point or Monad. |
| A Symbol of the Definite and known world and its God. | |
| And signifying the Monotheism of all nations. | |
| ॐबृत्तं सविन्दुमध्यं । सगुणब्रह्मविन्दुब्रह्माण्डवीजमपर तैजस ब्रह्मस्वरूपं । | |
| 1. | The circle with the central A, अ Alif or Unit. |
| Emblematical of the unity of a Personal God. | |
| And the Primary unity of all things in Nature. | |
| And significant of unitarianity or Advaita matam. | |
| ॐकार बृत्त केन्द्रस्थअकार सहितं । सोपाधिक एकमेवाद्वितीयमतरूपं । | |
| 2. | The two Semicircles of O. Symbolical of Duad or Duality . |
| In the dualism of Persons in the God-head as Dvaitam. | |
| And the Duads of Co-ordinate Principles in Nature. | |
| And signifying the Ditheism of all Dualistic creeds. | |
| ॐ वृत्तार्द्धद्वयं । सोपाधिकेश्वरस्यभेदद्वयं । जीवव्रह्म पुम्प्रकृत्यादि दैतमतरूपं । | |
| 3. | The Trisected circle of Om. A symbol of the Triad or Trinity. |
| Indicative of a Triality of Persons in the God-head as Traitam. | |
| And the co-ordinate Triples of the Principles in Nature. | |
| And signifying the Tritheism of Trinitarianity. | |
| त्रिभक्त वृत्तं । अउमयुक्तं । त्रिगुणात्मक व्रह्मादित्रिमूर्त्ति । व्याहृति त्रयादि । त्रैतमतरूपं । | |
| 3. | (a) The Tripartite circle. With the Inscribed Triangle Euclid (IV. 2). |
| A symbol of the Holy Trinity (Trimúrti on the three sides). | |
| And the Triangular female emblem of God-mother in the midst. | |
| And Indicating the Materialistic Trinitarianism of Hindus. | |
| ॐ वृत्तान्तर्गत त्रिभुजं । अव्यक्तशक्ति वा प्रकृत्यात्मकत्रिमूर्त्तिरूपं । त्रैतं मतं । | |
| 4. | The Four Quadrants of the circle of Om or a square. |
| Emblematical of the Tetrad of the Divinity. | |
| And the co-ordinate Quadruples of Things. | |
| And signifying the Quaternity of certain creeds. | |
| ॐकारवृत्तपादाः । अउमविन्दुयुक्ताः । विश्वादितुरीय ब्रह्म । वा सप्रकृतित्रिमूर्त्तिरूपं । | |
| 5. | The Pentagon Inscribed in the circle. Denoting the Pentad. |
| The Angular Points A. B. C. D. & E. Meeting at the Centre O (Euclid IV. 11). | |
| Indicative of the Quintuple Hypostases of the Deity. | |
| The Quintessence and the Five fold co-ordinates of Elementary bodies. | |
| ॐ वृत्तस्य पञ्चभुजं । अउमविन्दुनादयुक्तं । पञ्चकोश पञ्चप्राण पञ्चभूतमयं । | |
| 6. | The Hexagon in the Circle. Significant of the Hexad. |
| The Angular Points A.B.C.D.E.F. Meeting at the centre (Euclid IV. 15). | |
| Denotative of the sextuple Evolutions of the Monad O. | |
| And Indicative of the Six Internal and External Organs of sense. | |
| वृत्तस्य षड्भुजं । ॐ नमो षोढ़ारूपं । अउम॰ ৺नमषडिन्द्रिय षड्रस षडङ्गादिस्वरूपं । | |
| 7. | The Heptagon. Inscribed in the circle O. Indicates the Heptad. |
| The Angular Points A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Meeting at the centre O. | |
| According to the Process of Lílávatí mentioned below. | |
| Indicates the septuple Hypostases of Divine Essence, viz; | |
| The Five External senses, mind and intellect. (Anquetil). | |
| And the seven fold co-ordinate bodies in creation, viz; the seven Worlds, seven Planets, seven Continents and Oceans. | |
| ॐवृत्तस्य सप्तभुजं । अउम॰ ৺ नमःयुक्तं । प्रज्ञादि आत्मारूपं । सप्तभुवनमयविराजरूपं । सप्त ग्रह सप्त द्वीप सप्त समुद्रञ्च । | |
| 8. | The Octagon (A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H). Inscribed in the circle O. |
| By Bisection of the Quadrants (in Figure 4). | |
| Indicative of the Octad or Octuple states of Spirit and Body. | |
| viz, the five Vital airs or the five external or five Internal senses with the Mind, Intellect and consciousness (Chittam). All forms of the Spirit. | |
| And the eight material forms of Earth &c., treated of in the Ashta Múrti. | |
| ॐ वृत्तस्याष्टभुजं । ॐ नमोयुक्तं अउओम॰ ৺ नमः । अष्ट बुद्धीन्द्रिय तथा ईश्वराष्टमूर्तिरूपं । | |
| 9. | The Nonagon A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I. Inscribed in the circle O. |
| By Trisection of the three sections of a Tripartite circle. | |
| Symbolical of a nonad or nine fold nature of the Deity. | |
| And the nine doors or organs of Animal bodies. | |
| ॐ वृत्तस्य नव भुजं । त्रिभुजस्यत्रिभक्तभुजत्रयं । ओन्नमो शान्ति युक्तं । अउओम॰ ৺ नमः शान्ति । | |
| आत्मनः नवधारूपाणि । तथाजीवदेहस्य नवद्वारानिच । आत्मनः नव रूपाणि यथा— | |
| अ-जाग्रत् बैश्वानरः । उ-स्वप्नजतैजनः । म-सुसुप्त प्रज्ञा । ओ-तुरीयपरात्पर व्रह्म । | |
| ৺ नाद समष्टि सूत्रात्मा । ॰ विन्दुव्यष्टि हिरण्य गर्भः । नमः स्थूलविश्वः । शक्ति विश्वरूपः । | |
| शान्तिविराजरूपं । सर्ब्बमोङ्कारस्य नव रेखभिः दर्शितं । यथा ॐ | |
| 10. | The Decagon in a Circle. Emblematical of the Decad. |
| The Decagon A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J. By Bisection of the Pentagon. | |
| Significant of the Five Internal and five External Senses. | |
| And the Ten Directions of space. All filled by Divine Spirit. | |
| ॐवृत्तस्य दशभुजं । वृत्तस्य पञ्च भुजंद्विर्बिभक्तं । दशदिग्व्यापि ईश्वरात्माज्ञापकं । | |
| ॐन्नमः शक्तिःयुक्तं । यथा अ, उ, ओ, म, ৺, ॰, नमः, शान्तिः, । | |
| वा अ, उ, ओ, म, ৺, ॰, नमः शान्तिः, शान्तिः, शान्तिः । |
These figures might be multiplied ad infinitum, as there is no limit of created things and the attributes of the Creator; but as neither Infinity nor Immensity is comprehensible by the limited understanding of man, the Yogi takes some definite ideas and determinate objects for his meditation, as he is directed by the Natural Religion of mankind.
Note to Figure 7.
Solution of the Problem of inscribing a heptagon in a circle, or dividing the circle into seven equal parts. According to Súryadása’s commentary on Lílávatí. वृत्तान्तर्गत सप्तभुजाङ्कनं सूर्य्यदासमतं ।
“For the heptagon समवाहुक सप्तभुजः describe a circle, and an equilateral heptagon in it, then a line being drawn between the भुजाग्ररेखा extremities of any two sides—at pleasure, and three lines from the centre of the circle वृत्तान्तर्गत केन्द्रं to the angles indicated by those extremities भुजाग्रचिन्हित कोणं, an unequal quadrilateral विषम चतुर्भुजं is formed. The greater sides and the least diagonal क्षुद्रतरकर्णं thereof are equal to the semi-diameter व्यसार्द्धतुल्यं”. The value of the greater diagonal, which is assumed arbitrarily, is the chord of the arc चापस्य पूर्णज्या encompassing the two sides. Its arrow शरः being deduced in the manner before directed, is the side of a small rectangular triangle एकजात्य त्रिभुजं ।
Thus the greater diagonal बृहत्तरकर्णं, being arbitrarily assumed to be 93,804, is the chord sought इष्टज्याः; its arrow found in the manner directed is 22,579; this is the side, and half the base or chord जीवारूप भूम्यर्द्ध कोटि is the upright 46,902; their squares are 509711241 and 21997604; the square root of the sum of which is the side वर्गमूलं of the heptagon or 52,055 योगमूलं ।
These numbers are given from the copy of Súryadása’s commentary on the Lílávatí in the library of the As. Society. There are two obvious errors in them, probably of the copyist लिपिकर प्रमादः; viz. 22,579 should be 22.581, and 21997604 should be 2199797604.