CONTENTS
| [Chapter I. Books About Butterflies] | [7] |
| Linnaeus—Clerck—Fabricius—Peter Cramer—Hübner—Smithand Abbot—Boisduval andLeConte—Harris—Morris—W. H. Edwards—S.H. Scudder—G. H. French—C. J. Maynard—W.J. Holland—William G. Wright—Longstaff—C.M. Weed. | |
| [Chapter II. The Butterfly’s Body] | [12] |
| The Head, Eyes, and Mouth Parts—The Thorax,Wings, and Legs—The Abdomen—The DigestiveApparatus—The Circulatory System—TheRespiratory Tract—The Excretory Organs—TheNervous System—The Reproductive Organs. | |
| [Chapter III. Butterfly Metamorphosis] | [19] |
| The First Stage or Egg—The Second or LarvalStage—The Third or Pupal Stage—TheFourth Stage or Imago. | |
| [Chapter IV. The Case of the Red Silverwing] | [23] |
| Oviposition—The Egg—The Emergence of theCaterpillar—The Caterpillar—Moulting—Pupation—TheChrysalis—Pupal Movements—TheAppearance of the Butterfly. | |
| [Chapter V. The Classification of Butterflies] | [33] |
| Subkingdoms, Classes, Orders and Suborders—TheFour Families—Subfamilies, Genera, andSpecies—The Value of Scientific Nomenclature—Varieties. | |
| [Chapter VI. The Four Families] | [38] |
| The Four-footed Butterflies—The Euploeinae—TheHeliconiinae—The Nymphalinae—TheSatyrinae—The Libytheinae—The Gossamer-wingedButterflies—The Lycaeninae—The Swallowtailsand their Allies—The Pierinae—ThePapilioninae—The Skippers. | |
| [Chapter VII. Enemies and Protection] | [55] |
| Protective Coloration—Offensive Odors andTastes—Warning Coloration—Protective Mimicry—Heliotropismand List—Feigning Death. | |
LIFE AMONG THE BUTTERFLIES
CHAPTER I
BOOKS ABOUT BUTTERFLIES
Many ancient and mediaeval writers dealt with butterflies, but the first descriptions of American species are found in the works of Linnaeus, the great Swedish naturalist who wrote about 1750, and invented the system upon which all modern classification is based. Pictures of several American butterflies were published in 1759 by Charles Clerck, who had studied with Linnaeus.
Johann Christian Fabricius, a professor at the University of Kiel, published a few more descriptions in 1796, and Peter Cramer, at about the same time, brought out four large volumes on the butterflies of Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Most of these early books were written in Latin, and are now so rare and expensive that few American students have ever seen them.
Jacob Hübner published his great volumes on exotic butterflies in the early part of the nineteenth century. This work was written in German, and contained more than six hundred colored plates, but a good copy now costs about eight hundred dollars, and is of very little use anyway.