[20] To confess the truth, the great estates have ruined Italy; ay, and the provinces too.—Plin. 1. xviii. c. 6.

[21] Gibbon, vi. c. 36.

[22] "Quingena viginti millia quadringenti duo jugera quæ Campania provincia, juxta inspectorum relationem, in desertis et squalidis locis habere dignoscitur, eisdem provinciabilibus concessum."—Cod. Theod. ix. c. 38, c. 2.

[23] Gibbon, iii. c. 18.

[24] Ibid. iii. 88. c. 17.

[25] Michelet, Histoire de France, i. 104-108.

[26] Gibbon, VIII. c. xiv.

[27] Michelet's Histoire de France, i. 277.

[28] Ammianus Marcellinus, c. xvi; see also Gibbon, vi. 264.

[29] Sismondi's Essais, ii. 57.