Beheaded, a musical instrument;

Beheaded and transposed, I denote equality.

Answer: Sharp, harp, par.

Complete, I'm in a difficulty.

Behead me, and I show signs of grief.

Once more, and I am a useful seed;

Again, and I am what philosophers name our ancestors.

Transposed, I am a vegetable.

Answer: Scrape, crape, rape, ape, pea.

Complete, I am a reproof.