| Photo, Detroit Publishing Co. | Photo, Geo. P. Hall & Son. |
| Fig. 135.—PUBLIC LIBRARY, BOSTON. (McKIM, MEAD & WHITE.) | Fig. 136.—PUBLIC LIBRARY, NEW YORK. (CARRÈRE & HASTINGS.) |
| Photo, Elmer Chickering. | Copyright 1906 by Detroit Publishing Co. |
| Fig. 137.—TRINITY CHURCH, BOSTON. (H.H. RICHARDSON.) | Fig. 138.—STATE CAPITOL, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. |
Authorities.—The literature of architecture as a modern art is limited, the most important publications of recent times being mainly devoted to the study and illustration of ancient architecture. The following, however, may be named:—James Fergusson, History of Modern Architecture (2nd ed., London, 1873); T.G. Jackson, Modern Gothic Architecture (London, 1873); J.T. Micklethwaite, Modern Parish Churches (London, 1874); E.R. Robson, School Architecture (London, 1874); J.J. Stevenson, House Architecture (London, 1880); E.E. Viollet-le-Duc, How to Build a House (London, 1874); Lectures on Architecture (London, 1881); H.C. Burdett, Hospitals and Asylums of the World (London, 1892-1893); Professor Oswald Kuhn, Krankenhauser (Stuttgart, 1897); E.O. Sachs, Modern Opera-Houses and Theatres (London, 1897-1899); E. Wyndham Tarn, The Mechanics of Architecture (London, 1893); R. Norman Shaw, R.A., T.G. Jackson, R.A., and others, Architecture, a Profession or an Art (London, 1892); W.H. White, The Architect and his Artists (London, 1892); Architecture and Public Buildings in Paris and London (London, 1884); H.H. Statham, Architecture for General Readers (London, 1895); Modern Architecture (London, 1898); Herrmann Muthesius, Die englische Baukunst der Gegenwart (Berlin and Leipzig, 1900); Der Architekten Verein zu Berlin, Berlin und Seine Bauten (Berlin, 1896). The real literature of modern architecture, however, is to be found mainly in the articles and illustrations in the best periodical architectural publications of various countries. Among these Italy has none worth mention, and France, with all her architectural enthusiasm, has had no first-class architectural periodical since the extinction, about 1890, of the Revue générale de l’architecture, conducted for more than fifty years by the late César Daly, and in its day the first periodical of its class in the world. Among the best periodical publications are: The Architectural Record (quarterly), (New York); The Architectural Review (monthly), (Boston); the Allgemeine Bauzeitung (quarterly), (Vienna); the Berlin Architekturwelt (monthly), (Berlin); The Builder (weekly), (London); La Construction moderne (weekly), (Paris).
(H. H. S.)
[1] For the various chronological systems proposed see [Egypt]: Chronology.
[2] Except, possibly, the earliest of those at Sparta (q.v.).—ED.
[3] Article “Architecture,” Ency. Brit., 9th ed.
[4] Wilkins made two designs for the whole building; one leaving the quadrangle entirely open on the fourth side, towards the street the other showing a low open colonnaded screen connecting the ends of the two wings. He never for a moment contemplated closing in the quadrangle by buildings on the fourth side.
[5] A remarkable instance of this is shown by the railway viaduct at Passy, a large and monumental piece of work in itself, which is built along the centre of the roadway of Napoleon’s bridge. It was’ at first proposed to have a steel railway viaduct parallel with the old bridge, but it was found that the latter, both in respect of solidity and spacious dimensions, would fully bear the erection of the railway viaduct along its centre.
[6] The western half of the present front; the design was duplicated afterwards, on the extension of the building, but Bodley originated it.