Belgium.—Brussels, Société des beaux-arts, the Libre Esthétique, Société des aquarellistes et pastellistes, Société royale beige des aquarellistes, and numerous private societies (cercles) in Brussels, Antwerp, Liége, Ghent and other cities.
France.—Paris, the Société des artistes français (The Salon), Société nationale des beaux-arts (The New Salon), Société des aquarellistes. Exhibiting societies are the Société des artistes indépendants, Société des orientalistes, and Salon des pastellistes.
Germany.—The small local societies are affiliated to one large parent body, the Deutsche Künstlergenossenschaft, in Berlin under the presidency of Anton von Werner. The Deutsche Illustratorenverband watches over the interests of illustrators and designers. In Münich there are two bodies—the Künstlergenossenschaft (old society of artists), holding its exhibitions in the Glaspalast, and the Verein bildender Künstler, the Secessionists.
Italy.—Four exhibiting societies: Rome, Società in Arte Libertas, Scuola degli Aquarellisti; Milan, Famiglia Artistica, Società degli Artiste; Florence, Circolo Artistico; Naples, Instituti di Belli Arti.
Portugal.—Sociedade promotora das Bellas-Artes and Gremio Artistico.
Russia.—There is no exclusively art society of importance, but there is at St Petersburg the Société littéraire et artistique.
Spain.—Madrid, L’Association des artistes espagnols.
Sweden.—Stockholm, Svenska Konstuareruas Forening.
Switzerland.—Berne, La Société des peintres et sculpteurs suisses.
United States.—New York, National Academy of Design, American Water Color Society, and National Sculpture Society.