(59) u = q sec η,

so that u is a quasi-component parallel to the mean direction of the tangent, say the direction of the chord of the arc.

Integrating from any initial pseudo-velocity U,

(60) t = CU
u
du,
f(u)
(61) x = C cos ηu du,
f(u)
(62) y = C sin ηu du;
f(u)

and supposing the inclination i to change from φ to θ radians over the arc,

(63) φ - θ = Cg cos ηdu,
u f(u)
(64) tan φ - tan θ = Cg sec ηdu.
u f(u)