| 1. | P - K4 | 1. | e2 - e4 | , |
| P - K4 | e7 - e5 |
the moves above the line being White’s and below the line Black’s.
Illustrative Games.—The text-books should be consulted by students who wish to improve their game. The following are some of the leading openings:—
Giuoco Piano.
| White. | Black. |
| 1. P - K4 | 1. P - K4 |
| 2. KKt - B3 | 2. QKt - B3 |
| 3. B - B4 | 3. B - B4 |
| 4. P - B3 | 4. Kt - KB3 |
| 5. P - Q4 | 5. P × P |
| 6. P × P | 6. B - Kt5 (ch) |
| 7. B - Q2 | 7. B × B (ch) |
| 8. QKt × B | 8. P - Q4 |
| 9. P × P | 9. KKt × P |
| 10. Q - Kt3 | 10. QKt - K2 |
| 11. Castles (K’s side) | 11. Castles |
Even game.
Ruy Lopez.
| White. | Black. |
| 1. P - K4 | 1. P - K4 |
| 2. KKt - B3 | 2. QKt - B3 |
| 3. B - Kt5 | 3. P - QR3 |
| 4. B - R4 | 4. Kt - B3 |
| 5. P - Q4 | 5. P × P |
| 6. P - K5 | 6. Kt - K5 |
| 7. Castles | 7. B - K2 |
| 8. R - K sq | 8. Kt - B4 |
| 9. B × Kt | 9. QP × B |
| 10. Kt × P | 10. Castles |
| 11. Kt - QB3 | 11. P - KB3 |
Even game.
Scotch Gambit.