mu “eye” is now written
. Others understand it as comprising a few groups of characters nearly related in sense, each character consisting of an element common to the group, together with a specific and detachable part; e.g.
, and
, all of which have the meaning “old.” This class may be ignored altogether, seeing that it is concerned not with the origin of characters but only with peculiarities in their use.
6.
chia chieh, borrowed characters, as explained above, that is, characters adopted for different words simply because of the identity of sound.