[6] See the Geog. Jnl. (Feb. and March 1907). For a popular account of the wall, with numerous photographs, see The Great Wall of China (London, 1909), by W.E. Giel, who in 1908 followed its course from east to west. Consult also A. Williamson, Journey in North China (London, 1870); Martin, “La Grande Muraille de la Chine,” Revue scientifique (1891).
[7] For Shanghai the figures are compiled from twenty-six years’ observations. See China Sea Directory, vol. iii. (4th ed., 1904) p. 660.
[8] The thermometer registered 23° F. in January 1893, on the river 28 m. below Canton. This is the lowest reading known. Ibid, pp. 104-105.
[9] See W.W. Rockhill, Inquiry into the Population of China (Washington, 1904).
[10] For a bibliography of works relating to the aboriginal races of China see Richard’s Comprehensive Geography of the Chinese Empire (1908 ed.), pp. 371-373.
[11] Evidences of the social changes taking place in China are to be found in the strong movement for the education of girls, and in the formation of societies, under official patronage, to prevent the binding of women’s feet.
[12] It must be remembered that there is great variety in the costumes worn in the various provinces. The particulars here given are of the most general styles of dress.
[13] Richard’s Comprehensive Geography, &c. (1908 edition), pp. 340-341.
[14] Otherwise Abū Ja‘far Ibn Mahommed al-Mansūr (see [Caliphate], C. § 2).
[15] For a summary of Chang Chih-tung’s treatise, see Changing China (1910 edition), chap. xxii.