Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Cosway, Richard" to "Coucy, Le Châtelain de" / Volume 7, Slice 5

by Various

In Scotland there are less than 15,000 cotton operatives distributed as follows:—

	In Thousands.
Card and blowing-room processes	.4
Spinning-room processes	2.1
Winding, warping, &c.	2.7
Weaving, warping, &c.	6.8
Workers in other processes or undefined	2.8
	——
Total	14.8

Operatives employed in Cotton Factories in the United Kingdom and Percentages of each Class. (From Returns of Factory Inspectors.)

	1835.	1838.	1847.	1850.	1856.	1862.	1867.
Male and Female under 13, or half-timers.	13.2	45.7	5.8	4.6	6.5	8.8	10.4
Male, 13 to 18	12.5	16.6	11.8	11.2	10.3	9.1	8.6
Male, over 18	26.4	24.9	27.1	28.7	27.4	26.4	26.0
Female, over 13	47.9	53.8	55.3	55.5	55.8	55.7	55.0
Total number of Cotton Operatives	218,000	259,500	316,400	331,000	379,300	451,600	401,100
	1870.	1874.	1878.	1885.	1890.	1895.	1901.
Male and Female under 13, or half-timers.	9.6	14.0	12.8	9.9	9.1	5.8	4.1
Male, 13 to 18	8.5	8.0	7.2	7.9	8.2	7.9	7.0
Male, over 18	26.0	24.1	25.3	26.4	26.9	27.6	27.8
Female, over 13	55.9	53.9	54.7	55.8	55.8	58.7	61.1
Total number of Cotton Operatives	450,100	479,600	483,000	504,100	528,800	538,900	513,000

Number of Operatives (in Thousands) engaged in Spinning, Manufacturing and Subsidiary Processes (excluding Lace-making, but including the Fustian Manufacture). (From Census Returns.)

	Males.				Females.				Males and Females.
	Under 15.	15-20.	Over 20.	All Ages.	Under 15.	15-20.	Over 20.	All Ages.	Under 15.	15-20.	Over 20.	All Ages.
1881	29	39	121	189	40	81	189	310	69	120	310	500
1891	36	45	137	218	50	94	197	341	86	139	334	560
1901	24	36	139	199	36	92	207	335	60	128	346	535

The fact that the branches of work covered by the figures are not identical explains discrepancies between this and the previous table.

Number of Operatives engaged in the Cotton Industry (Processes being distinguished and Ages and Sex). (From Special Returns made by Factory Inspectors.)

	Males in Thousands.			Females in Thousands.			Total in Thousands.
	Half- timers.	Under 18.	18 and over.	Half- timers.	Under 18.	18 and over.
			Spinning and Preparatory Processes
1896	5.58	22.24	71.44	4.40	30.12	78.96	212
1898-1899*	5.42	21.57	71.37	3.86	30.44	77.64	210
1901	4.98	21.10	68.98	3.10	30.98	81.68	211
			Weaving and Preparatory Processes
1896	7.54	18.79	75.81	11.87	49.19	151.34	315
1898-1899*	6.21	17.29	72.74	10.38	48.38	150.99	306
1901	4.72	14.86	73.81	8.0	45.66	155.03	302
* Average for 1898 and 1899.