[55] For an account of the numerous types of automatic looms see the article on [Weaving]: § Machinery.
[56] Of which special mention may be made of Uttley’s report as a Gartside scholar of the university of Manchester, already referred to, and Pidgin’s report for the Massachusetts Bureau of Labour Statistics.
[57] Textile Recorder, August 15th, 1905.
[58] Young’s American Cotton Industry, p. 13.
[59] Uttley’s report, p. 4.
[60] Similar formulae have been used above, where a fuller explanation is given.
[61] Deutschland als Industriestaat.
COTTON-SPINNING MACHINERY. The earliest inventors of spinning machinery (see [Spinning]) directed their energies chiefly to the improvement of the final stage of the operation, but no sooner were these machines put to practical use than it became apparent that success depended upon mechanically conducting the operations preliminary to spinning. Later inventors were, therefore, called upon not only to improve the inventions of their predecessors, but to devise machinery for preparing the fibres to be spun. Arkwright quickly perceived the importance of this aspect of the problem, and he devoted even more energy to it than to the invention with which his name is more intimately associated. But, given a complete series of machines for preparing and spinning, the cotton industry (see [Cotton Manufacture]) must have remained unprogressive without the co-operation of cotton growers, for by the then existing methods of separating cotton lint from seed it would have been impossible to provide an adequate supply of raw material. By inventing the saw gin, Eli Whitney, an American, in the year 1792, did for cotton planters what Paul, Arkwright, Crompton, Cartwright, Watt and others did for textile manufacturers, for he provided them with the means for increasing their output almost indefinitely.
Plate I.