From1897.1898.1899.1900.
Cwt.Cwt.Cwt.Cwt.
Canada1,526,6641,432,1811,337,1981,511,872
United States631,616485,995590,737680,583
Holland297,604292,925328,541327,817
Australasia68,61544,60832,29486,513
France36,35833,08634,30735,110
Other countries42,32150,65760,99269,910
Total2,603,1782,339,4522,384,0692,711,805
%%%%
Canada58.661.256.155.8
United States24.320.824.825.1
Holland11.412.513.812.0
Australasia2.71.91.33.2
France1.41.41.41.3
Other countries1.62.22.62.6
Total100.0100.0100.0100.0

Over 80% of the cheese imported into the United Kingdom is derived from North America, but the bulk of the trade belongs to Canada, which supplies nearly 60% of the entire import. The value of the cheese exported from Canada to the United Kingdom in the calendar year 1900 was close upon £3,800,000. As is shown in Table XV. below, Holland, Australasia and France participate in this trade, whilst amongst the “other countries” are Germany, Italy and Russia. The cheese sent from North America and Australasia is mostly of the substantial Cheddar type, whereas soft or “fancy” cheese is the dominant feature of the French shipments. Thus, in the calendar year 1900 the average price of the cheese imported into the United Kingdom from France was 61s. per cwt., whilst the average value of the cheese from all other sources was 50s. per cwt., there being a difference of 11s. in favour of the “soft” cheese of France.

The imports of butter and margarine into the United Kingdom were not separately distinguished before the year 1886. Previous to that date they amounted, at five-year intervals, to the following aggregate quantities:—

1870.1875.1880.1885.
Cwt.1,159,2101,467,8702,326,3052,401,373

For the same years the imports of cheese registered the subjoined totals:—

1870.1875.1880.1885.
Cwt.1,041,2811,627,7481,775,9971,833,832

The imports of butter and margarine, both separately and together, and also the imports of cheese in each year from 1886 to 1900 inclusive, are set out in Table XVI., the most significant feature of which is the rapid expansion it shows in the imports of butter. In the space of nine years, between 1887 and 1896, the quantity was doubled. On the other hand, the general tendency of the imports of margarine, which have been much more uniform than those of butter, has been in the direction of decline since 1892. It is necessary, however, to point out that there has been an increase in the number of margarine factories in the United Kingdom, and in the quantity of margarine manufactured in them, during the last few years. Taking the imports of butter and margarine together, the aggregate in 1889 and also in 1900 was practically three times as large as a quarter of a century earlier, in 1875. The imports of cheese have increased at a less rapid rate than those of butter, and the quantity imported in 1900, which was a maximum, fell considerably short of twice the quantity in 1875. In 1886, 1887, 1888, 1890 and 1892 the imports of cheese exceeded those of butter, but since the last-named year those of butter have always been the larger, and 1899 were fully a million cwt. more than the cheese imports. The cheapness of imported fresh meat has probably had the effect of checking the growth of the demand for cheese amongst the industrial classes.

Table XVI.—Imports of Butter, Margarine and Cheese into the United Kingdom, 1886-1900.

Year.Butter.Margarine.Total Butter
and
Margarine.
Cheese.
Cwt.Cwt.Cwt.Cwt.
18861,543,566887,9742,431,5401,734,890
18871,513,1341,276,1402,789,2741,836,789
18881,671,4331,139,7432,811,1761,917,616
18991,927,8421,241,6903,169,5321,907,999
18902,027,7171,079,8563,107,5732,144,074
18912,135,6071,235,4303,371,0372,041,325
18922,183,0091,305,3503,488,3592,232,817
18932,327,4741,299,9703,627,4442,077,462
18942,574,8351,109,3253,684,1602,266,145
18952,825,662940,1683,765,8302,133,819
18963,037,718925,9343,963,6522,244,525
18973,217,802936,5434,154,3452,603,178
18983,209,153900,6154,343,0262,384,069
19993,389,851953,1754,343,0262,384,069
19003,378,516920,4164,298,9322,711,805

The imports of condensed milk into the United Kingdom were not separately distinguished before 1888. In that year they amounted to 352,332 cwt. The quantities imported in subsequent years were the following:—