The consonants are as follows, though the order of teaching them varies:—
p; f; s; h; sh; v = f; th (thin; moth); th (then; smooth); l; r; t; k; b; d; g (go; egg); z = s; m; n; ch = tsh; j = dzh = g; ph = f; kc = k; cs = s; q = kw; x = ks; ng; w = oo; wh = hw; y = e.
The following mode of writing the sounds is now preferred by some as it renders the diacritic marks unnecessary:—
Middle, Broad and Long Vowel Sounds.
| ar | or | oo | ee | er | oa | igh | ai | ew | oi | ou |
| aw | ea | ir | o-e | i-e | a-e | u-e | oy | ow | ||
| au | ur | ay | ||||||||
| a— |
Short Vowel Sounds.
| a | o | oo | e | i | u |
Consonants.
| h | p | ph f | t | s | th | sh | ch | k ck | l | r | m | n | ng | w |
| b | v | d | z | th | zh | j dzh | g |