where

(r, s) = ( ∂αr ∂αs)χ˙ + ( ∂α′r ∂α′s)χ˙′ + ....
∂qs ∂qr∂qs ∂qr

(18)

These quantities (r, s) are subject to the relations

(r, s) = −(s, r), (r, r) = 0

(19)

The remaining dynamical equations, equal in number to the co-ordinates χ, χ′, χ″, ..., yield expressions for the forces which must be applied in order to maintain the velocities χ˙, χ˙′, χ˙″, ... constant; they need not be written down. If we follow the method by which the equation of energy was established in § 2, the equations (17) lead, on taking account of the relations (19), to

d (⅋ − T0) = Q1q˙1 + Q2q˙2 + ... + Qnq˙n,
dt

(20)

or, in case the forces Qr depend only on the co-ordinates q1, q2, ... qn and are conservative,