—430, August 3; eclipse mentioned by Thucydides, but not total by the tables.

—399, June 21; eclipse of Ennius. Totality occurred immediately after sunset at Rome. The identity of this eclipse is doubtful.

—309, August 14; eclipse of Agathocles. This eclipse would be one of the most valuable for testing the tables of the moon, but for an uncertainty as to the location of Agathocles, who, at the time of the occurrence, was at sea on a voyage from Syracuse to Carthage.

F.K. Ginzel (Spezieller Kanon der Finsternisse) has collected a great number of passages from classical authors supposed to refer to eclipses of the sun or moon, but the difficulty of identifying the phenomenon is frequently such as to justify great doubt as to the conclusions. In a few cases no eclipse corresponding to the description can be found by our modern table to have occurred, and in others the latitude of interpretation and the uncertainty of the date are so wide that the eclipse cannot be identified.

Of medieval eclipses we mention only the dates of those visible in England, referring for details to the works mentioned in the bibliography. The letter C following a date shows that the eclipse is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. The dates in question are:—

A.D. 538, February 15, C. (partial).A.D.  878, October 29, C.
   540, June 12, C. (partial).     885, June 15.
   594, July 23.    1023, January 24.
   603, August 12.    1133, August 1, C.
   639, September 3.    1140, March 20, C.
   664, May 1, C.    1185, May 1, C.
   733, August 14 (annular).    1191, June 23, C. (annular).
   764, June 4 (annular).    1330, July 16.

Besides these, the tables show that the shadow of the moon passed over some part of the British Islands on 1424, June 26; 1433, June 17; 1598, March 6; 1652, April 8; 1715, May 2; 1724, May 22. Of these the eclipse of 1715 is notable for the careful observations made in England, and published by Halley in the Philosophical Transactions. The next dates are 1927, June 29, when a barely total eclipse will be seen soon after sunrise in the northern counties near the Scottish border, and 1999, August 11, when the moon’s shadow will graze England at Land’s End.

We give below, in tabular form, a list of the principal total eclipses during the 19th and 20th centuries, omitting a few visible only in the extreme polar regions, and some others of which the duration is very short. The first column gives the civil date of the point on the earth’s surface at which the eclipse is central at noon. The next two columns give the position of this point to the nearest degree. The fourth column shows the Greenwich astronomical time of conjunction in longitude. The next column gives the duration of the total phase at the noon-point; this is sometimes 0.1′ less than the absolutely greatest duration at any point. Next is given the node near which the eclipse occurs; and then the number in the Saros. Corresponding eclipses at intervals of 18 y. 11 d. have the same number, and occur near the same node of the noon, which is indicated in the next column.

Date at
Noon-Point.		 Point where
Central at Noon.		 Greenwich M.T. of
conjunction in
Longitude.		 Duration
of
Totality.		 Node Series. Regions Swept by Shadow.
Lat. Long. d. h. m. m.
1803, Feb. 21 11 S. 136 W. 21 9 20 4.2 Asc. 1 Pacific Ocean, Mexico.
1804, Aug. 5 38 S. 66 W. 5 4 6 1.2 Desc. 2 Pacific Ocean, Chile, Argentina.
1806, June 16 42 N. 66 W. 16 4 22 4.6 Desc. 3 New England, Atlantic, Africa.
1807, Nov. 29 11 N. 2 E. 28 23 48 1.4 Asc. 4 Central Africa, Areolia.
1810, April 4 12 N. 154 E. 3 13 41 Ann. Desc. 5 Pacific Ocean, Borneo.
1811, Mar, 24 39 S. 26 W. 24 2 19 3.4 Desc. 6 South Atlantic to and across South Africa.
1814, July 17 31 N. 84 E. 16 18 33 6.6 Asc. 7 Africa, Central Asia, China.
1815, July 6 88 N. 175 W. 6 11 52 3.2 Asc. 8 Polar Regions, Western Siberia.
1816, Nov. 19 43 N. 30 E. 18 22 9 1.8 Desc. 9 Eastern Europe, Central Asia.
1817, Nov. 9 7 S. 149 E. 8 13 53 4.7 Desc. 10 Burma, Pacific Ocean.
1821, Mar. 4 8 S. 96 E. 3 17 50 4.3 Asc. 1 Indian and Pacific Oceans.
1822, Aug. 16 36 S. 176 W. 16 11 22 1.4 Desc. 2 Australia, Pacific Ocean.
1824, June 26 47 N. 175 W. 26 11 43 4.4 Desc. 3 Pacific Ocean, Japan, China.
1825, Dec. 9 9 N. 127 W. 9 8 27 1.5 Asc. 4 Pacific Ocean, Mexico.
1828, April 14 18 N. 39 E. 13 21 18 0.3 Desc. 5 Northern Africa, India.
1829, April 3 32 S. 149 W. 3 10 24 4.1 Desc. 6 South Pacific Ocean.
1832, July 27 24 N. 28 W. 27 2 2 6.8 Asc. 7 West Indies and across Central Africa.
1833, July 17 78 N. 76 E. 16 19 16 3.5 Asc. 8 North-eastern Asia and Polar Regions.
1834, Nov. 30 40 N. 101 W. 30 6 48 1.9 Desc. 9 Southern and Western United States.
1835, Nov. 20 10 S. 20 E. 19 22 31 4.6 Desc. 10 Central Africa, Madagascar.
1839, Mar. 15 6 S. 31 W. 15 2 14 4.4 Asc. 1 South America, Africa, Egypt.
1840, Aug. 27 34 S. 72 E. 26 18 45 1.6 Desc. 2 Africa, Madagascar, Indian Ocean.
1842, July 8 51 N. 77 E. 7 19 2 4.1 Desc. 3 Spain, France, Russia to China, and Pacific Ocean.
1843, Dec. 21 8 N. 102 E. 20 17 10 1.6 Asc. 4 Indian and North Pacific Oceans and India.
1846, April 25 25 N. 75 W. 25 4 49 0.9 Desc. 5 Mexico, West Indies, Africa.
1847, April 15 24 S. 90 E. 14 18 22 4.7 Desc. 6 Indian Ocean, Australia.
1850, Aug. 7 18 N. 142 W. 7 9 34 6.8 Asc. 7 Pacific Ocean.
1851, July 28 70 N. 34 W. 28 2 41 3.7 Asc. 8 Scandinavia, Russia and North America.
1852, Dec. 11 37 N. 127 E. 10 15 32 2.0 Desc. 9 China, Pacific Ocean.
1857, Mar. 25 4 S. 155 W. 25 10 30 4.5 Asc. 1 Pacific Ocean, Mexico.
1858, Sept. 7 33 S. 41 W. 7 2 16 1.7 Desc. 2 Peru, South Brazil, Uruguay.
1860, July 18 56 N. 31 W. 18 2 21 3.7 Desc. 3 British America, France, Egypt.
1861, Dec. 31 9 N. 29 W. 31 1 55 1.8 Asc. 4 Caribbean Sea to North Africa.
1864, May 6 32 N. 173 E. 5 12 14 1.4 Desc. 5 Pacific Ocean.
1865, April 25 16 S. 30 W. 25 2 13 5.3 Desc. 6 Brazil to Central Africa.
1868, Aug. 18 10 N. 103 E. 17 17 12 6.8 Asc. 7 India to Pacific Ocean.
1869, Aug. 7 61 N. 145 W. 7 10 8 3.8 Asc. 8 United States and Alaska.
1870, Dec. 22 36 N. 5 W. 22 0 19 2.1 Desc. 9 Gibraltar, Northern Africa, Sicily.
1871, Dec. 12 12 S. 118 E. 11 16 2 4.4 Desc. 10 Southern India, Northern Australia.
1875, April 6 2 S. 83 E. 5 18 36 4.7 Asc. 1 Indian Ocean, Siam, Pacific.
1876, Sept. 17 33 S. 156 W. 17 9 54 1.8 Desc. 2 Pacific Ocean.
1878, July 29 60 N. 139 W. 29 9 40 3.2 Desc. 3 United States and Canada.
1880, Jan. 11 10 N. 160 W. 11 10 40 2.1 Asc. 4 Pacific Ocean, California.
1882, May 17 39 N. 63 E. 16 19 34 1.8 Desc. 5 Egypt, Central Asia, China.
1883, May 6 9 S. 147 W. 6 9 58 6.0 Desc. 6 Pacific Ocean, Caroline Islands.
1886, Aug. 29 3 N. 14 W. 29 0 54 6.6 Asc. 7 South America, Central Africa.
1887, Aug. 19 53 N. 102 E. 18 17 39 3.8 Asc. 8 Northern Europe, Siberia, Japan.
1889, Jan. 1 37 N. 138 W. 1 9 8 2.2 Desc. 9 California, Oregon, British America.
1889, Dec. 22 12 S. 13 W. 22 0 52 4.2 Desc. 10 Central Africa and South America.
1893, April 16 1 S. 37 W. 16 2 35 4.8 Asc. 1 Venezuela to West Africa.
1894, Sept. 29 34 S. 86 E. 28 17 43 1.8 Desc. 2 East Africa, Indian Ocean.
1896, Aug. 9 65 N. 112 E. 8 17 2 2.7 Desc. 3 North Europe, Siberia, Japan.
1898, Jan. 22 13 N. 69 E. 21 19 24 2.3 Asc. 4 East Africa, India, China.
1900, May 28 45 N. 45 W. 28 2 50 2.1 Desc. 5 United States, Spain, North Africa.
1901, May 18 2 S. 97 E. 17 17 38 6.5 Desc. 6 Sumatra, Borneo.
1904, Sept. 9 5 S. 133 W. 9 8 43 6.4 Asc. 7 Pacific Ocean.
1905, Aug. 30 45 N. 12 W. 30 1 13 3.8 Asc. 8 Canada, Spain, North Africa.
1907, Jan. 14 39 N. 89 E. 13 17 57 2.3 Desc. 9 Russia, Central Asia.
1908, Jan. 3 12 S. 145 W. 3 9 44 4.2 Desc. 10 Pacific Ocean.
1911, April 28 1 S. 155 W. 28 10 26 5.0 Asc. 1 Australia, Polynesia.
1912, Oct. 10 35 S. 33 W. 10 1 41 1.8 Desc. 2 Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil.
1914, Aug. 21 71 N. 2 E. 21 0 27 2.1 Desc. 3 Scandinavia, Russia, Asia Minor.
1916, Feb. 3 16 N. 62 W. 3 4 6 2.5 Asc. 4 Pacific Ocean, Venezuela, West Indies.
1918, June 8 51 N. 152 W. 8 10 3 2.4 Desc. 5 British Columbia, United States.
1919, May 29 4 N. 18 W. 29 1 12 6.9 Desc. 6 Peru, Brazil, Central Africa.
1922, Sept. 21 12 S. 106 E. 20 16 38 6.1 Asc. 7 East Africa, Australia.
1923, Sept. 10 38 N. 128 W. 10 8 53 3.6 Asc. 8 California, Mexico, Central America.
1925, Jan. 24 42 N. 44 W. 24 2 46 2.4 Desc. 9 United States.
1926, Jan. 14 10 S. 82 E. 13 18 35 4.2 Desc. 10 East Africa, Sumatra, Philippines.
1927, June 29 78 N. 84 E. 28 18 32 0.7 Asc. 11 England, Scotland, Scandinavia.
1929, May 9 1 S. 89 E. 8 18 8 5.1 Asc. 1 Sumatra, Malacca, Philippines.
1930, Oct. 21 36 S. 155 W. 21 9 47 1.9 Desc. 2 Pacific Ocean, Patagonia.
1932, Aug. 31 78 N. 109 W. 31 7 55 1.5 Desc. 3 Canada.
1934, Feb. 14 19 N. 168 E. 13 12 44 2.7 Asc. 4 Borneo, Celebes.
1936, June 19 56 N. 101 E. 18 17 15 2.5 Desc. 5 Greece to Central Asia and Japan.
1937, June 8 10 N. 131 W. 8 8 43 7.1 Desc. 6 Pacific Ocean, Peru.
1940, Oct. 1 19 S. 16 W. 1 0 42 5.7 Asc. 7 Colombia, Brazil, South Africa.
1941, Sept. 21 30 N. 114 E. 20 16 39 3.3 Asc. 8 Central Asia, China, Pacific Ocean.
1943, Feb. 4 47 N. 176 W. 4 11 31 2.5 Desc. 9 China, Alaska.
1947, May 20 2 S. 25 W. 20 1 44 5.2 Asc. 1 Argentina, Paraguay, Central Africa.
1948, Nov. 1 37 S. 82 E. 31 18 3 1.9 Desc. 2 Central Africa, Congo.
1952, Feb. 25 22 N. 39 E. 24 21 17 3.0 Asc. 4 Nubia, Persia, Siberia.
1954, June 30 62 N. 5 W. 30 0 27 2.5 Desc. 5 Canada, Scandinavia, Russia, Persia.
1955, June 20 15 N. 117 E. 19 16 12 7.2 Desc. 6 Ceylon, Siam, Philippines.
1958, Oct. 12 26 S. 139 W. 12 8 52 5.2 Asc. 7 Chile, Argentina.
1959, Oct. 2 23 N. 6 W. 2 0 32 3.0 Asc. 8 Canaries, Central Africa.
1961, Feb. 15 53 N. 53 E. 14 20 11 2.6 Desc. 9 France, Italy, Austria, Siberia.
1962, Feb. 5 4 S. 179 E. 4 12 11 4.1 Desc. 10 New Guinea.
1963, July 20 62 N. 126 W. 20 8 43 1.5 Asc. 11 Alaska, Hudson’s Bay Territory.
1965, May 30 4 S. 137 W. 30 9 14 5.3 Asc. 1 Pacific Ocean.
1966, Nov. 12 38 S. 43 W. 12 2 27 1.9 Desc. 2 Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil.
1970, Mar. 7 25 N. 88 W. 7 5 43 3.3 Asc. 4 Mexico, Georgia, ? Florida.
1972, July 10 67 N. 111 W. 10 7 40 2.7 Desc. 5 North-East Asia, North-East America and Atlantic Ocean.
1973, June 30 19 N. 6 E. 29 23 39 7.2 Desc. 6 South America, Africa and Atlantic Ocean.
1974, June 20 32 S. 107 E. 19 16 56 5.3 Desc. 12 South-West Australia and Indian Ocean.
1976, Oct. 23 31 S. 95 E. 22 17 10 4.9 Asc. 7 Africa, Australia, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
1977, Oct. 12 16 N. 127 W. 12 8 31 2.8 Asc. 8 Venezuela, Pacific Ocean.
1979, Feb. 26 61 N. 77 W. 26 4 47 2.7 Desc. 9 United States, British America, Pacific Ocean, N. Polar Sea.
1980, Feb. 16 1 N. 48 E. 15 20 52 4.3 Desc. 10 Africa, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and India.
1981, July 31 54 N. 127 E. 30 15 53 2.2 Asc. 11 Pacific Ocean, Asia.
1983, June 11 7 S. 111 E. 10 16 38 5.4 Asc. 1 Java, Atlantic Ocean.
1984, Nov. 22 39 S. 170 W. 22 10 58 2.1 Desc. 2 Pacific Ocean, Patagonia.
1987, Mar. 29 17 S. 6 W. 29 0 45 0.3 Asc. 13 Atlantic, Equatorial Africa.
1988, Mar. 18 28 N. 146 E. 17 14 3 4.0 Asc. 4 Indian and Pacific Oceans, Sumatra.
1990, July 22 72 N. 142 E. 21 14 54 2.6 Desc. 5 Finland, North Atlantic.
1991, July 11 22 N. 105 W. 11 7 6 7.1 Desc. 6 Pacific Ocean, Hawaii, Central America.
1992, June 30 26 S. 5 W. 30 0 19 5.4 Desc. 12 South Atlantic.
1994, Nov. 3 36 S. 31 W. 3 1 36 4.6 Asc. 7 Pacific Ocean, South America.
1995, Oct. 24 10 N. 110 E. 23 16 37 2.4 Asc. 8 Pacific and Indian Oceans.
1997, Mar. 9 71 N. 154 E. 8 13 16 2.8 Desc. 9 North-East Asia, Arctic Sea.
1998, Feb. 26 6 N. 81 W. 26 5 27 4.4 Desc. 10 Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Central America.
1999, Aug. 11 46 N. 18 E. 10 23 8 2.6 Asc. 11 Central and Southern Europe touching England.

Recurrence of Remarkable Eclipses.