(2) The following is a list of the governors of Egypt in these successive periods:—

(a) During the undivided Caliphate.

‘Amr-ibn-el-Ass, A.H. 18-24 (a.d. 639-645). ‘Abdallah b. Sa’d b. Abī Sarh, 24-36 (645-656). Qais b. Sa’d b. ’Ubādah, 36 (657-658). Mahommed b. Abu Bekr, 37-38 (658). Ashtar Mālik b. al-Hārith (appointed, but never governed). ‘Amr-ibn-el-Ass, 38-43 (658-663). ’Utbah b. Abu Sofiān, 43-44 (664-665). ’Utbah b. ’Āmir, 44-45 (665). Maslama b. Mukhallad, 45-62 (665-682). Sa’īd b. Yazīd b. ‘Alqamah, 62-64 (682-684). Abdarrahman b. ’Utbah b. Jahdam, 64-65 (684). Abdalazīz (‘Abd al-‘Azīz) b. Merwān, 65-86 (685-705). ‘Abdallah b. ‘Abd al-Malik, 86-90 (705-708). Qurrah b. Sharīk al-‘Absī, 90-96 (709-714). ‘Abd al-Malik b. Rifā’ah al-Fahmī, 96-99 (715-717). Ayyūb b. Shuraḥbīl al-Aṣbaḥī, 99-101 (717-720). Bishr b. Ṣafwān al-Kalbī, 101-102 (720-721). Ḥanzalah b. Ṣafwān, 102-105 (721-724). Mahommed b. ‘Abd al-Malik, 105 (724). Ḥurr b. Yūsuf, 105-108 (724-727). Ḥafṣ b. al-Walīd, 108 (727). ‘Abd al-Malik b. Rifā’ah, 109 (727). Walīd b. Rifā’ah, 109-117 (727-735). ‘Abd al-Raḥmān b. Khālid, 117-118 (735). Ḥanẓalah b. Ṣafwān, 118-124 (735-742). Ḥafṣ b. al-Walīd, 124-127 (742-745). Ḥassān b. ‘Atāhiyah al-Tu’jibī, 127 (745). Ḥafṣ b. al-Walīd, 127 (745). Hautharah b. Suhail al-Bāhilī, 128-131 (745-749). Mughīrah b. ’Ubaidallah al-Fazārī, 131-132 (749). ‘Abd al-Malik b. Marwān al-Lakhmī, 132 (750). Ṣāliḥ b. ‘Alī, 133 (750-751). Abū ‘Aun ‘Abdalmalik b. Yazīd, 133-136 (751-753). Ṣāliḥ b. ‘Alī, 136-137 (753-755)—second time. Abū ‘Aun, 137-141 (755-758)—second time. Mūsā b. Ka’b b. ’Uyainah al-Tamīmī, 141 (758-759). Mahommed b. al-Ash’ath b. ’Uqbah al-Khuzā ī, 141-143 (759-760). Ḥumaid b. Qaḥṭabah b. Shabīb al-Ṭā’ī, 143-144 (760-762). Yazīd b. Ḥātim b. Kabīsah al-Muhallabī, 144-152 (762-769). ‘Abdallah b. ‘Abdarraḥmān b. Moawiya b. Ḥudaij, 152-155 (769-772). Mahommed b. Abdarraḥman b. Moawiya b. Ḥudaij, 155 (772). Mūsā b. ’Ulayy b. Rabāh al-Lakhmī, 155-161 (772-778). ’Īsā b. Luqmān b. Mahommed al-Jumahī, 161-162 (778). Wāḍiḥ, 162 (779). Manṣūr b. Yazīd b. Manṣūr al-Ru’ainī, 162 (779). Abū Ṣāliḥ Yaḥyā b. Dāwūd b. Mamdūd, 162-164 (779-780). Sālim b. Sawādah al-Tamīmī, 164 (780-781). Ibrāhīm b. Ṣāliḥ b. ‘Alī, 165-167 (781-784). Mūsā b. Mus’ab b. al-Rabī al-Khath’amī, 167-168 (784-785). Usāmah b. ‘Amr b. ‘Alqamah al-Ma’āfirī, 168 (785). al Faḍl b. Ṣāliḥ b. ‘Alī al-‘Abbāsī, 168-169 (785-786). ‘Alī b. Sulaimān b. ‘Alī al-‘Abbāsī, 169-171 (786-787). Mūsā b. ’Īsā b. Mūsā al-‘Abbāsī, 171-172 (787-789). Maslamah b. Yaḥyā b. Qurrah al-Bājilī, 172-173 (789-790). Mahommed b. Zuhair al-Azdī, 173 (790). Dāwūd b. Yazīd b. Ḥātim al-Muhallabī, 174-175 (790). Mūsā b. ’Īsā al-‘Abbāsī, 175-176 (790-792). Ibrāhīm b. Ṣāliḥ, 176 (792). Ṣāliḥ b. Ibrāhīm, 176 (792). Abdallah b. al-Musayyib b. Zuhair al Ḍabbī, 176-177 (792-793). Isḥāq b. Sulaimān b. ‘Alī al-‘Abbāsī, 177-178 (793-794). Harthamah b. A’yan, 178 (794-795). ’Obaidallah b. al-Mahdī, 179 (795). Mūsā b. ’Īsā al-‘Abbāsī, 179-180 (795-796). ’Obaidallah b. al-Mahdī, 180-181 (796-797)—second time. Ismā’īl b. Ṣāliḥ b. ‘Alī al-‘Abbāsī, 181-182 (797-798). Ismā’īl b. ’Īsā b. Mūsā al-‘Abbāsī, 182-183 (798). Laith b. al-Faḍl al-Abīwardī, 183-187 (798-803). Aḥmad b. Ismā’īl b. ‘Alī al-‘Abbāsī, 187-189 (803-805). ’Obaidallah b. Mahommed b. Ibrāhīm al-‘Abbāsī, 189-190 (805-806). Ḥusain b. Jamīl, 190-192 (806-808). Mālik b. Dalham b. ’Īsā al-Kalbī, 192-193 (808). Ḥasan b. al-Taḥtāḥ, 193-194 (808-809). Ḥātim b. Harthamah b. A’yan, 194-195 (809-811). Jābir b. al-Ash’ath b. Yaḥyā al-Ṭā’ī, 195-196 (811-812). ‘Abbād b. Mahommed b. Ḥayyān al-Balkhī, 196-198 (812-813). Moṭṭalib b. ‘Abdallah b. Mālik al-Khuzā’ī, 198 (813-814). ‘Abbās b. Mūsā b. ’Īsā al-‘Abbāsī, 198-199 (814). Moṭṭalib b. ‘Abdallah, 199-200 (814-816)—second time. Sarī b. al-Ḥakam b. Yūsuf, 200-201 (816). Sulaimān b. Ghālib b. Jibrīl al-Bājilī, 201 (816-817). Sarī b. al-Ḥakam, 201-205 (817-820). Abū Naṣr Mahommed b. al-Sarī, 205 (820-821). ’Obaidallah b. al-Sarī, 205-211 (821-826). ‘Abdallah b. Ṭāhir, 211-213 (826-829). Mahommed b. Hārūn (al-Mo’tasim), 213-214 (829). ’Umair b. Al-Walīd al-Tamīmī al-Bādhaghīsī, 214 (829). ’Īsā b. Yazīd, 214 (829). ‘Abduyah b. Jabalah, 215-216 (830-831). ’Īsā b. Manṣūr b. Mūsā al-Rāfi‘ī, 216-217 (831-832). Naṣr b. Abdallah Kaidar al-Ṣafadī, 217-219 (832-834). Muzaffar b. Kaidar, 219 (834). Mūsā b. Abi‘l-‘Abbās Thābit al-Hanafī, 219-224 (834-839). Mālik b. Kaidar al Ṣafadī, 224-226 (839-841). ‘Alī b. Yaḥyā abu l-Hasan al-Armanī, 226-228 (841-842). ‘Isā b. Manṣūr al-Rāfi‘ī, 229-233 (843-847). Harthamah b. al-Naḍir al-Jabalī, 233-234 (848-849). Ḥātim b. Harthamah, 234 (849). ‘Alī b. Yaḥyā, 234-235 (849-850). Ishāq b. Yaḥyā al-Khatlānī, 235-236 (850-851). ‘Abd al-Wāhid b. Yaḥyā b. Manṣūr, 236-238 (851-852). ‘Anbasa b. Ishāq b. Shamir, 238-242 (852-856). Yazīd b. ‘Abdallah b. Dīnār, 242-253 (856-867). Muzāhim b. Khāqān al-Turkī, 253-254 (867-868). Aḥmad b. Muzāhim b. Khāqān, 254 (868). Urjūz b. Ulugh Ṭarkhān al-Turkī, 254 (868).

Tulunid house.

Aḥmad b. Ṭūlūn, 254-270 (868-884). Khomārūya b. Aḥmad, 270-282 (884-896). Jaish b. Khomārūya, 282 (896). Hārūn b. Khomārūya, 283-292 (896-904). Shaibān b. Aḥmad, 292 (905). ’Īsā b. Mahommed al-Naūsharī, 292 (905). Mahommed b. ‘Ali al-Khalanjī, 292-293 (905-906). ’Īsā al-Naūsharī, 293-297 (906-910)—second time. Takīn b. Abdallah al-Khazarī, 297-302 (910-915). Dhukā al-Rūmī, 303-307 (915-919). Takīn b. ‘Abdallah, 307-309 (919-921)—second time. Abū Qābūs Maḥmūd b. Ḥamal, 309 (921). Hilāl b. Badr, 309-311 (921-923). Aḥmad b. Kaighlagh, 311 (923). Takīn b. Abdallah, 311-321 (923-933)—third time. Mahommed b. Takīn, 321 (933).

Ikshīdī house.

Mahommed b. Ṭughj al-Ikshīd, 321 (933). [Aḥmad b. Kaighlagh, 321-322 (933-934)]. Mahommed b. Ṭughj, 323-334 (934-946)—second time. Ūnjūr b. al-Ikshīd, 334-349 (946-961). ‘Alī b. al-Ikshīd, 349-355 (961-966). Kāfūr b. Abdallah al-Ikshīdī, 355-357 (966-968). Abu’l-Fawāris Aḥmad b. ‘Alī b. al-Ikshīd, 357 (968).

(b) Fāṭimite Caliphs, 357-567 (969-1171).

Mo‘izz Abū Tamīm Ma’add (or li-dīn allāh), 357-365 (969-975). ‘Azīz Abū Manṣūr Nizār (al-‘Azīz billāh), 365-386 (975-996). Ḥākim [Abū ‘Alī Manṣūr], 386-411 (996-1020). Ẓāhir [Abu’l-Ḥasan ‘Alī], 411-427 (1020-1035). Mostanṣir [Abū Tamīm Ma‘add], 427-487 (1035-1094). Mosta’lī [Abu’l-Qāsim Aḥmad], 487-495 (1094-1101). Amir [Abū ‘Alī Manṣūr], 495-524 (1101-1130). Ḥāfiz [Abu’l-Maimūn ‘Abd al-Majīd], 524-544 (1130-1149). Ẓāfir [Abu’l-Manṣūr Ismā’īl], 544-549 (1149-1154). Fā’iz [Abu’l-Qāsim ’Īsā], 549-555 (1154-1160). ‘Ādid [Abū Mahommed ‘Abdallah], 555-567 (1160-1171).

(c) Ayyūbite Sultans, 564-648 (1169-1250).