| Railways | £E.1,181,372 |
| Telegraphs | 21,825 |
| Gunboats | 154,934 |
| Military | 996,223 |
| —————— | |
| Total | £E.2,354,354 |
Towards this expense the British government gave a grant-in-aid of £800,000, and the balance was borne by the Egyptian treasury. The railway, delayed by the construction of the big bridge over the Atbara, was opened to the Blue Nile opposite Khartum, 187 m. from the Atbara, at the end of 1899.
(R. H. V.)
[1] By the Greek and Roman geographers Egypt was usually assigned to Libya (Africa), but by some early writers the Nile was thought to mark the division between Libya and Asia. The name occurs in Homer as Αἴγυπτος, but is of doubtful origin.
[2] A vivid description of Cairo during the prevalence of plague in 1835 will be found in A. W. Kinglake’s Eothen.
[3] A kantar equals 99 ℔.
[4] To the ministry of public instruction was added in 1906 a department of agriculture and technical instruction.
[5] The place of publication is London unless otherwise stated.
[6] The figures of the debt are always given in £ sterling. The budget figures are in £E. (pounds Egyptian), equal to £1, 0s. 6d.