Name of District. Chief Place or Seat of
Government.
Number of
inhabited
Villages in
District.
Name. Population.
1 Abādeh Iklīd Abādeh 4,000 33
2 Abādeh-Tashk Tashk 600 8
3 Abarj Dashtek 2,000 6
4 Abbāsi
  (1) Bander Abbāsi[1] and villages Bander Abbāsi 10,000 14
  (2) Issīn and Taziān Issīn 6
  (3) Shamil Shamil 1,000 18
  (4) Moghistan Ziarat 10
  (5) Mināb Mināb 4,000 23
5 Afzar Nī-mdeh 12
6 ‘Alemrūd Sabzpushan 1,000 16
7 Arb’ah (the four)
  (1) Deh Rūd
  (2) Deh Ram Deh Ram 1,500 19
  (3) Hengam
  (4) Rudbāl
8 Ardakān Ardakān 5,000 10
9 Arsinjan Arsinjan 5,000 25
10 Asīr Asīr 500 10
11 Baiza Baiza 2,000 55
12 Bī-dshahr and Juvī-m Bī-dshahr 3,000 23
13 Bovanāt Suriān 500 23
14 Darāb Darāb 5,000 62
15 Dashti
  (1) Bardistan Bander Dair 1,000 28
  (2) Buluk Bushgān 18
  (3) Māndistan Kāki 1,500 40
  (4) Tassūj Tang Bagh 500 11
  (5) Shumbeh Shumbeh 15
16 Dashtistān
  (1) Angāli Haftjūsh 10
  (2) Ahrom Ahrom 1,500 5
  (3) Borazjan Borazjan 4,000 19
  (4) Bushire[1] Bushire 25,000 20
  (5) Daliki Daliki 1,500 7
  (6) Gonāvah Gonāvah 1,000 12
  (7) Hayāt Daūd Bander Rig 1,000 6
  (8) Khurmuj Khurmuj 1,000 5
  (9) Rūd Hillah Kelat Sukhteh 10
  (10) Shaban Kareh Deh Kohneh 27
  (11) Tangistan Tangistan 1,000 31
  (12) Zengeneh Samal 750 4
  (13) Zirāh Zirāh 6
17 Dizkurd Cherkes 500 6
18 Famur Pagah 300 3
19 Ferrashband Ferrashband 1,000 14
20 Fessa Fessa 5,000 40
21 Firuzabad Firuzabad 4,000 20
22 Gillehdār Gillehdār 1,000 43
23 Hūmeh of Shiraz Zerkān 1,000 89
24 Istahbanat Istahbanat 10,000 12
25 Jahrum Jahrum 10,000 33
26 Jireh Ishfāyikān 23
27 Kamfiruz Palangeri 34
28 Kamin Kalilek 11
29 Kazerun Kazerun 8,000 46
30 Kavār Kavār 26
31 Kir and Karzīn Kir 1,000 23
32 Khafr Khafr 1,000 41
33 Khajeh Zanjiran 500 15
34 Khisht Khisht 2,500 25
35 Khunj Khunj 1,500 27
36 Kongān Bander Kongān 12
37 Kuh Gilū and Behbahan Behbahan 10,000 182
38 Kurbāl Gavkan 600 67
39 Kuh i Marreh Shikeft Shikeft 41
40 Kunkuri Kazian 29
41 Laristan
  (1) Lar Lar 8,000 34
  (2) Bikhah Ihsham Bairam 11
  (3) Bikhah Fal Ishkenān 10
  (4) Jehāngiriyeh Bastak 4,000 30
  (5) Shib Kūh Bander Chārak 36
  (6) Fūmistan or Gavbandi Gāvbandi 13
  (7) Kauristān Kauristān 4
  (8) Lingah[1] Bander Lingah 10,000 11
  (9) Mazāyijan Mazāyijan 6
42 Mahūr Milāti Jemalgird 5
43 Maimand Maimand 5,000 14
44 Maliki Bander Assalu 1,000 25
45 Mamasenni (Shūlistan)
  (1) Bekesh 8
  (2) Javīdi or Jāvi 6
  (3) Dushmanziaris 16
  (4) Rustami Kal‘ah Safid 26
  (5) Fahlian 7
  (6) Kākān 5
46 Māyin Māyin 8
47 Mervast and Herāt Mervast 14
48 Mervdasht
  (1) Upper Khafrek 14
  (2) Lower Khafrek Fathabad 1,250 16
  (3) Mervdasht 22
49 Meshhed Mader Sulimān Murghāb 800 6
50 Nīrīz Nīrīz 9,000 24
51 Ramjird Jashian 36
52 Rūdan and Ahmedī Dehbariz 21
53 Sab‘ah (the seven)
  (1) Bīvunj (Bī-vanej) Durz 14
  (2) Hasanabad Hasanabad 7
  (3) Tarom Tarun 2,000 15
  (4) Fāraghān Fāraghān 1,500 13
  (5) Forg Forg 3,000 18
  (6) Fīn and Guhrah Fīn 13
  (7) Gileh Gāh (abandoned) Ziaret 1,000 11
54 Sarchahān
55 Sarhad Chahār Dungeh
  (1) Dasht Ujān
  (2) Dasht Khosro va Shirin Kūshk 31
  (3) Dasht Khūngasht
  (4) Dasht Kushk Zard
56 Sarhad Shesh Nahīyeh
  (1) Pādinā (foot of Mount Dinā Khūr
  (2) Hennā Hennā
  (3) Samiram Samiram
  (4) Felārd Felārd 24
  (5) Vardasht Germabad
  (6) Vank Vank
57 Sarvistan Sarvistan 4,500 23
58 Shiraz (town) in 1884 53,607[2] . .
59 Siyākh Darinjān 13
60 Simkān Dūzeh 28

The above sixty districts are grouped into eighteen sub-provinces under governors appointed by the governor-general of Fars, but the towns of Bushire, Lingah and Bander Abbasi, together with the villages in their immediate neighbourhood, form a separate government known as that of the “Persian Gulf Ports” (Benādir i Khalij i Fars), under a governor appointed from Teheran. The population of the province has been estimated at 750,000 and the yearly revenue it pays to the state amounts to about £150,000. Many districts are fertile, but some, particularly those in the south-eastern part of the province, do not produce sufficient grain for the requirements of the sparse population. In consequence of droughts, ravages of locusts and misgovernment by local governors the province has been much impoverished and hundreds of villages are in ruins and deserted. About a third of the population is composed of turbulent and lawless nomads who, when on the march between their winter and summer camping grounds, frequently render the roads insecure and occasionally plunder whole districts, leaving the inhabitants without means of subsistence.

The province produces much wheat, barley, rice, millet, cotton, but the authorities every now and then prohibiting the export of cereals, the people generally sow just as much as they think will suffice for their own wants. Much tobacco of excellent quality, principally for consumption in Persia, is also grown (especially in Fessa, Darab and Jahrom) and a considerable quantity of opium, much of it for export to China, is produced. Salt, lime and gypsum are abundant. There are also some oil wells at Daliki, near Bushire, but several attempts to tap the oil have been unsuccessful. There are no valuable oyster-banks in Persian waters, and all the Persian Gulf pearls are obtained from banks on the coast of Arabia and near Bahrein.

(A. H.-S.)


[1] Are forming separate administrative division of “Persian Gulf Ports.”

[2] Persian census in 1884; 25,284 males, 28,323 females.


FARTHING (A.S. feórtha, fourth, +ing, diminutive), the smallest English coin, equal to the fourth of a penny. It became a regular part of the coinage from the reign of Edward I., and was, up to the reign of Mary, a silver coin. No farthing was struck in the reign of Elizabeth, but a silver three-farthing piece was issued in that reign, with a profile bust of the queen crowned, with a rose behind her head, and inscribed “E.D.G. Rosa sine spina.” The copper farthing was first introduced in the reign of James I., a patent being given to Lord Harington of Exton in 1613 for the issue of copper tokens of this denomination. It was nominally of six grains’ weight, but was usually heavier. Properly, however, the copper farthing dates from the reign of Charles II., in whose reign also was issued a tin farthing, with a small copper plug in the centre, and an inscription on the edge, “Nummorum famulus 1684.” No farthings were actually issued in the reign of Queen Anne, though a number of patterns were prepared (see [Numismatics]: medieval section, England). In 1860 the copper farthing was superseded by one struck in bronze. In 1842 a proclamation was issued giving currency to half-farthings, and there were several issues, but they were demonetized in 1869. In 1897 the practice was adopted of darkening farthings before issue, to prevent their being mistaken for half-sovereigns.