3. Profits of the communal Monts de Piété (pawn-shops).

4. Donations, bequests and the product of collections in churches.

5. The product of certain fines.

6. Subventions from the departments and communes.

7. Income from endowments.

(R. Tr.)

Colonies.

In the extent and importance of her colonial dominion France is second only to Great Britain. The following table gives the name, area and population of each colony and protectorate as well as the date of acquisition or establishment of a protectorate. It should be noted that the figures for area and population are, as a rule, only estimates, but in most instances they probably approximate closely to accuracy. Detailed notices of the separate countries will be found under their several heads:

Colony. Date of
Acquisition.
Area in sq. m. Population.
In Asia—
 Establishments in India 1683-1750 200 273,000
 In Indo-China—
 Annarn 1883 60,000 6,000,000
 Cambodia 1863 65,000 1,500,000
 Cochin-China 1862 22,000 3,000,000
 Tongking 1883 46,000 6,000,000
 Laos 1893 100,000 600,000
 Kwang-Chow-Wan 1898 325 189,000
   Total in Asia . . 293,525 17,562,000
In Africa and the Indian Ocean—
 Algeria 1830-1847 185,000 5,231,850
 Algerian Sahara 1872-1890 760,000 . .
 Tunisia 1881 51,000 2,000,000
West Africa—
 Senegal 1626 74,000 1,800,000
 Upper Senegal and Niger (including part of Sahara) 1880 1,580,000 4,000,000
 Guinea 1848 107,000 2,500,000
 Ivory Coast 1842 129,000 2,000,000
 Dahomey 1863-1894 40,000 1,000,000
Congo (French Equatorial Africa)—
 Gabun 1839 700,000 376,000
 Mid. Congo 1882 259,000
 Ubangi-Chad 1885-1899 3,015,000
Madagascar 1885-1896 228,000 2,664,000
 Nossi-be Island 1840
 Ste Marie Island 1750
 Comoro Islands 1843-1886 760 82,000
Somali Coast 1862-1884 12,000 50,000
Réunion 1643 965 173,315
St Paul 1892 3 uninhabited
Amsterdam 19
Kerguelen[24] 1893 1,400
   Total in Africa and Indian Ocean. 3,869,147 25,151,165
In America—
 Guiana 1626 51,000 30,000
 Guadeloupe 1634 619 182,112
 Martinique 1635 380 182,024
 St Pierre and Miquelon 1635 92 6,500
   Total in America 52,092 400,636
In Oceania—
 New Caledonia and Dependencies 1854-1887 7,500 72,000
 Establishments in Oceania 1841-1881 1,641 34,300
   Total in Oceania 9,141 106,300
Grand Total   4,223,905 43,220,101

It will be seen that nearly all the colonies and protectorates lie within the tropics. The only countries in which there is a considerable white population are Algeria, Tunisia and New Caledonia. The “year of acquisition” in the table, when one date only is given, indicates the period when the country or some part of it first fell under French influence, and does not imply continuous possession since.