4th Interglacial epoch, Lower Forestian, the lower forests under peat beds, the Ancylus-beds of the great freshwater Baltic lake and the Littorina-clays of Scandinavia.
4th Glacial epoch, Mecklenburgian, represented by the moraines of the last great Baltic glacier, which reach their southern limit in Mecklenburg; the 100-ft. terrace of Scotland and the Yoldia-beds of Scandinavia.
3rd Interglacial epoch, Neudeckian, intercalations of marine and freshwater deposits in the boulder clays of the southern Baltic coasts.
3rd Glacial epoch, Polandian, glacial and fluvio-glacial formations of the minor Scandinavian ice-sheet; and the “upper boulder clay” of northern and western Europe.
2nd Interglacial epoch, Helvetian, interglacial beds of Britain and lignites of Switzerland.
2nd Glacial epoch, Saxonian, deposits of the period of maximum glaciation when the northern ice-sheet reached the low ground of Saxony, and the Alpine glaciers formed the outermost moraines.
1st Interglacial epoch, Norfolkian, the forest-bed series of Norfolk.
1st Glacial epoch, Scanian, represented only in the south of Sweden, which was overridden by a large Baltic glacier. The Chillesford clay and Weybourne crag of Norfolk and the oldest moraines and fluvio-glacial gravels of the Arctic lands may belong to this epoch.
In a similar manner Professor Chamberlin and other American geologists have recognized the following stages in the glaciation of North America:
| The Champlain, marine substage. The Glacio-lacustrine substage. The later Wisconsin (6th glacial). The fifth interglacial. The earlier Wisconsin (5th glacial). The Peorian (4th interglacial). The Iowan (4th glacial). The Sangamon (3rd interglacial). The Illinoian (3rd glacial). The Yarmouth or Buchanan (2nd interglacial). The Kansan (2nd glacial). The Aftonian (1st interglacial). The sub-Aftonian or Jerseyan (1st glacial). |