[4] It would be more accurate to say to the year 1500 B.C. At Cnossus the palace is sacked soon after this date, and the art, both in Crete and in the whole Aegean area, becomes lifeless and decadent.
[5] See T. W. Allen in the Classical Review, vol. xx. (1906), No. 4 (May).
[6] It has been impugned by J. Beloch, Griechische Geschichte, i. 149 ff.
[7] History of Greece (Eng. trans., i. 32 ff.); cf. the same writer’s Ioner vor der ionischen Wanderung.
[8] If the account of early Athenian constitutional history given in the Athenaion Politeia were accepted, it would follow that the archons were inferior in authority to the Eupatrid Boulē, the Areopagus.
[9] The dates before the middle of the 7th century are in most cases artificial, e.g. those given by Thucydides (book vi.) for the earlier Sicilian settlements. See J. P. Mahaffy, Journal of Hellenic Studies, ii. 164 ff.
[10] At Syracuse the demos makes common cause with the Sicel serf-population against the nobles (Herod. vii. 155).
[11] An exception should perhaps be made in the case of Thucydides.
[12] The Peisistratidae come off better, however.
[13] The numbers given by Herodotus (upwards of 5,000,000) are enormously exaggerated. We must divide by ten or fifteen to arrive at a probable estimate of the forces that actually crossed the Hellespont.