Palatals: ǩ, ǧ, ǩh, ǧh (kh and gh aspirates as explained above).
Velars: q, g, qh, gh (velars differ from palatals by being produced against the soft palate instead of the roof of the mouth).
Labio-velars: qṷ, qṷ, qṷh, gṷh (these differ from the velars by being combined with a slight labial w-sound).
(d) Spirants—
Labial: w.
Dental: s, z, post-dental ṣ, ẓ, interdental possibly þ, ð.
Palatal: χ (Scotch ch), y.
Velar: x (a deeply guttural χ, heard now in Swiss dialects), ℨ.
Closely akin to w and y and often confused with them were the semi-vowels ṷ and ḭ.
(e) Liquids: l, r.