The curvature is useful in drawing a curve of H; the diameter of curvature D is given by

D = dp2= ½k2 sin3 θ, ½D= ¼k2.
dp δ − δ′p KM·KN

(48)

The curvature is zero and H passes through a point of inflexion when C′ comes into the horizontal plane through C; ψ will then be stationary and the curve described by C′ will be looped.

In a state of steady motion, z oscillates between two limits z2 and z3 which are close together; so putting z2 = z3 the coefficient of z in Z is

2Z1z3 + z23 = −1 + GG′= −1 + (OM cos θ + ON) (OM + ON cos θ),
A2n2 OM·ON

(49)

2z1z3 = OM2 + ON2cos θ, z1 = OM2 + ON2,
OM·ON 2OM·ON

(50)