There is no pronoun of the third person, the demonstrative pronouns being used instead. The following table shows the principal remaining pronominal forms, with their derivation from Ap.:—
| Apabhraṁśa. | Panjabi. | Hindostani. | Braj Bhasha. | Eastern Hindi. | ||
| that, he, | Nom. | ? | uh | woh | wō | ū |
| Obl. | ? | uh | us | wā | ō | |
| those, they, | Nom. | ōi | ōh | wē | wai | unh |
| Obl. | ? | unhã | unh | uni | unh | |
| this, he, | Nom. | ēhu | ih | yeh | yah | ī |
| Obl. | ēhasu, ēhaho | ih | is | yā | ē | |
| these, they, | Nom. | ēi | ēh | yē | yai | inh |
| Obl. | ēhāṇa | inhã | inh | ini | inh | |
| that, | Nom. | sō | sō | sō | sō | sē |
| Obl. | tasu, taho | tih | tis | tā | tē | |
| those, | Nom. | sē | sō | sō | sō | sē |
| Obl. | tāṇa | tinhã | tinh | tini | tenh | |
| who, | Nom. | jō | jō | jō | jō | jē |
| Obl. | jasu, jaho | jih | jis | jā | jē | |
| who (pl.), | Nom. | jē | jō | jō | jō | jē |
| Obl. | jāṇa | jinhã | jinh | jini | jenh | |
| who? | Nom. | kō, kawaṇu | kauṇ | kaun | kō | kē |
| Obl. | kasu, kaho | kih | kis | kā | kē | |
| who? (pl.), | Nom. | kē | kauṇ | kaun | kō | kē |
| Obl. | kāṇa | kinhã | kinh | kini | kenh | |
| what?(Neut.), | Nom. | kiṁ | kiā | kyā | kahā | kā |
| Obl. | kāha, kāsu | kāh, kās | kāhē | kāhē | kāhē | |
The origin of the first pronoun given above (that, he; those, they) cannot be referred to Sanskrit. It is derived from an Indo-Aryan base which was not admitted to the classical literary language, but of which we find sporadic traces in Apabhraṁśa. The existence of this base is further vouched for by its occurrence in the Iranian language of the Avesta under the form ava-. The base of the second pronoun is the same as the base of the first syllable in the Skr. ē-ṣas, this, and other connected pronouns, and also occurs in the Avesta. Ap. ēhu is directly derived from ē-sas.
There are other pronominal forms upon which, except perhaps kōī (Pr. kō-vi, Skr. kō-’pi), any one, it is unnecessary to dwell. The phrase kōī hai? “Is any one (there)?” is the usual formula for calling a servant in upper India, and is the origin of the Anglo-Indian word “Qui-hi.” The reflexive pronoun is āp (Ap. appu, Skr. ātmā), self, which, something like the Latin suus (Skr. svas), always refers to the subject of the sentence, but to all persons, not only to the third. Thus maĩ apnē (not mērē) bāp-kō dēkhtā-hũ, “I see my father.”
C. Conjugation.—The synthetic conjugation was already commencing to disappear in Prakrit, and in the modern languages the only original tenses which remain are the present, the imperative, and here and there the future. The first is now generally employed as a present subjunctive. In the accompanying table we have the conjugation of this tense, and also the three participles, present active, and past and future passive, compared with Apabhraṁśa, the verb selected being the intransitive root call or cal, go. In Ap. the word may be spelt with one or with two ls, which accounts for the variations of spelling in the modern languages.
The imperative closely resembles the old present, except that it drops all terminations in the 2nd person singular; thus, cal, go thou.
In P. and H. a future is formed by adding the syllable gā (fem. gī) to the simple present. Thus, H. calũ-gā, I shall go. The gā is commonly said to be derived from the Skr. gatas (Pr. gaō), gone, but this suggestion is not altogether acceptable to the present writer, although he is not now able to propose a better. Under the form of -gau the same termination is used in Br., but in that dialect the old future has also survived, as in calihaũ (Ap. calihaũ, Skr. caliṣyāmi), I shall go, which is conjugated like the simple present. The E.H. formation of the future is closely analogous to what we find in Bihari (q.v.). The third person is formed as in Braj Bhasha, but the first and second persons are formed by adding pronominal suffixes, meaning “by me,” “by thee,” &c., to the future passive participle.
| Apabhramśa. | Panjabi. | Hindostani. | Braj Bjasja. | Eastern Hindi. | |
| Old Present— | |||||
| Singular 1. | callaũ | callã | calũ | calaũ | calaū |
| Singular 2. | callasi, callahi | callẽ | calē | calai | calas |
| Singular 3. | callai | callē | calē | calai | calai |
| Plural 1. | callahū | calliyē | calẽ | calaī | calaī |
| Plural 2. | callahu | callō | calō | calau | calau |
| Plural 3. | callanti, callahĩ | callaṇ | calẽ | calaī | calaī |
| Present Participle | callanta-u | calldā | caltā | calatu | calat |
| Past Part. Passive | callia-u | calliā | calā | calyau | calā |
| Future Part. Passive | callaṇia-u | callṇā | calnā | calnaũ | |
| calliavva-u | . . | . . | caliwaũ | calab |
Thus, calab-ũ, it-is-to-be-gone by-me, I shall go. We thus get the following forms. It will be observed that, as in many other Indo-Aryan languages, the first person plural has no suffix:—