ω1/ω =0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
ce =.624.632.643.659.681.712.755.813.8921.00
ξc =225.947.7730.837.8011.7531.796.797.290.060.000

Elbows.—Weisbach considers the loss of head at elbows (fig. 91) to be due to a contraction formed by the stream. From experiments with a pipe 11⁄4 in. diameter, he found the loss of head

ɧe = ζεv2 / 2g;

(5)

ζe = 0.9457 sin2 1⁄2φ + 2.047 sin4 1⁄2φ.

φ =20°40°60°80°90°100°110°120°130°140°
ζε =0.0460.1390.3640.7400.9841.2601.5561.8612.1582.431

Hence at a right-angled elbow the whole head due to the velocity very nearly is lost.

Fig. 91.
Fig. 92.