he obtained the following values—

Diameter of Pipe
in feet.
αβζ for 100 ft.
per second.
1.64 .00129.00483.00484
1.07 .00972.00640.00650
 .83 .01525.00704.00719
 .338.03604.00941.00977
 .266.03790.00959.00997
 .164.04518.01167.01212

It is worth while to try if these numbers can be expressed in the form proposed by Darcy for water. For a velocity of 100 ft. per second, and without much error for higher velocities, these numbers agree fairly with the formula

ζ = 0.005 (1 + 3/10d),

(9)

which only differs from Darcy’s value for water in that the second term, which is always small except for very small pipes, is larger.

Some later experiments on a very large scale, by E. Stockalper at the St Gotthard Tunnel, agree better with the value

ζ = 0.0028 (1 + 3/10d).

These pipes were probably less rough than Arson’s.