x = p2y2 − (y2 − c2)2,   √ (x2 + y2) = p2y2 − (y2 − c2)2
2p (y2 − c2) 2p (y2 − c2)

(13)

a C4; while the absolute path of a particle in space will be given by

dy= − r − x= y2 − c2,
dx y2py

(14)

y2 − c2 = a2 e−x/p.

(15)

46. Between two concentric spheres, with

a2 + λ = r2, a2 + λ1 = a12,

(1)