and the lowering of the surface is

p − p0− z = k log ρ− z = −k log ( 1 − z) − z ≈ z2
ρ0 ρ0k 2k

(20)

as before in (17).

16. Centre of Pressure.—A plane area exposed to fluid pressure on one side experiences a single resultant thrust, the integrated pressure over the area, acting through a definite point called the centre of pressure (C.P.) of the area.

Thus if the plane is normal to Oz, the resultant thrust

R = ∫ ∫ p dx dy,

(1)

and the coordinates x, y of the C.P. are given by

xR = ∫ ∫ xp dx dy,   yR = ∫ ∫ yp dx dy.