dM/dt = rate of increase of fluid inside the surface, = flux across the surface into the interior = − ∫∫ ρq cos θ dS,

(1)

the integral equation of continuity.

In the Eulerian notation u, v, w denote the components of the velocity q parallel to the coordinate axes at any point (x, y, z) at the time t; u, v, w are functions of x, y, z, t, the independent variables; and d is used here to denote partial differentiation with respect to any one of these four independent variables, all capable of varying one at a time.

To transfer the integral equation into the differential equation of continuity, Green’s transformation is required again, namely,

∫∫∫ ( + + ) dx dy dz = ∫∫ (lξ + mη + nζ) dS,
dx dydz

(2)

or individually

∫∫∫ dx dy dz = ∫∫ lξ dS, ...,
dx

(3)