(E. H. B.; T. As.)

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Population.—The following table indicates the areas of the several provinces (sixty-nine in number), and the population of each according to the censuses of the 31st of December 1881 and the 9th of February 1901. (The larger divisions or compartments in which the provinces are grouped are not officially recognized.)

Provinces and Compartments. Area in
sq. m.		 Population.
1881. 1901.
Alessandria 1950 729,710 825,745
Cuneo 2882 635,400 670,504
Novara 2553 675,926 763,830
Turin 3955 1,029,214 1,147,414
   Piedmont 11,340 3,070,250 3,407,493
Genoa 1582 760,122 931,156
Porto Maurizio 455 132,251 144,604
   Liguria 2037 892,373 1,075,760
Bergamo 1098 390,775 467,549
Brescia 1845 471,568 541,765
Como 1091 515,050 594,304
Cremona 695 302,097 329,471
Mantua 912 295,728 315,448
Milan 1223 1,114,991 1,450,214
Pavia 1290 469,831 504,382
Sondrio 1232 120,534 130,966
   Lombardy 9386 3,680,574 4,334,099
Belluno 1293 174,140 214,803
Padua 823 397,762 444,360
Rovigo 685 217,700 222,057
Treviso 960 375,704 416,945
Udine 2541 501,745 614,720
Venice 934 356,708 399,823
Verona 1188 394,065 427,018
Vicenza 1052 396,349 453,621
   Venetia 9476 2,814,173 3,193,347
Bologna 1448 464,879 529,619
Ferrara 1012 230,807 270,558
Forlì 725 251,110 283,996
Modena 987 279,254 323,598
Parma 1250 267,306 303,694
Piacenza 954 226,758 250,491
Ravenna 715 218,359 234,656
Reggio (Emilia) 876 244,959 281,085
   Emilia 7967 2,183,432 2,477,697
Arezzo 1273 238,744 275,588
Florence 2265 790,776 945,324
Grosseto 1738 114,295 137,795
Leghorn 133 121,612 121,137
Lucca 558 284,484 329,986
Massa and Carrara 687 169,469 202,749
Pisa 1179 283,563 319,854
Siena 1471 205,926 233,874
   Tuscany 9304 2,208,869 2,566,307
Ancona 762 267,338 308,346
Ascoli Piceno 796 209,185 251,829
Macerata 1087 239,713 269,505
Pesaro and Urbino 1118 223,043 259,083
   Marches 3763 939,279 1,088,763
Perugia—Umbria 3748 572,060 675,352
Rome—Lazio 4663 903,472 1,142,526
Aquila degli Abruzzi (Abruzzo
  Ulteriore II.)		 2484 353,027 436,367
Campobasso (Molise) 1691 365,434 389,967
Chieti (Abruzzo Citeriore) 1138 343,948 387,604
Teramo (Abruzzo Ulteriore I.) 1067 254,806 312,188
   Abruzzi and Molise 6380 1,317,215 1,526,135
Avellino (Principato Ulteriore) 1172 392,619 421,766
Benevento 818 238,425 265,460
Caserta (Terra di Lavoro) 2033 714,131 805,345
Naples 350 1,001,245 1,141,788
Salerno (Principato Citeriore) 1916 550,157 585,132
   Campania 6289 2,896,577 3,219,491
Bari delle Puglie (Terra di Bari) 2065 679,499 837,683
Foggia (Capitanata) 2688 356,267 421,115
Lecce (Terra di Otranto) 2623 553,298 705,382
   Apulia 7376 1,589,064 1,964,180
Potenza (Basilicata) 3845 524,504 491,558
Catanzaro (Calabria Ulteriore II.) 2030 433,975 498,791
Cosenza (Calabria Citeriore) 2568 451,185 503,329
Reggio di Calabria (Calabria
 Ulteriore I.)		 1221 372,723 437,209
   Calabria 5819 1,257,883 1,439,329
Caltanisetta 1263 266,379 329,449
Catania 1917 563,457 703,598
Girgenti 1172 312,487 380,666
Messina 1246 460,924 550,895
Palermo 1948 699,151 796,151
Syracuse 1442 341,526 433,796
Trapani 948 283,977 373,569
   Sicily 9936 2,927,901 3,568,124
Cagliari 5204 420,635 486,767
Sassari 4090 261,367 309,026
   Sardinia 9294 682,002 795,793
Kingdom of Italy 110,623 28,459,628 32,965,504

The number of foreigners in Italy in 1901 was 61,606, of whom 37,762 were domiciled within the kingdom.

The population given in the foregoing table is the resident or “legal” population, which is also given for the individual towns. This is 490,251 higher than the actual population, 32,475,253, ascertained by the census of the 10th of February 1901; the difference is due to temporary absences from their residences of certain individuals on military service, &c., who probably were counted twice, and also to the fact that 469,020 individuals were returned as absent from Italy, while only 61,606 foreigners were in Italy at the date of the census. The kingdom is divided into 69 provinces, 284 regions, of which 197 are classed as circondarii and 87 as districts (the latter belonging to the province of Mantua and the 8 provinces of Venetia), 1806 administrative divisions (mandamenti) and 8262 communes. These were the figures at the date of the census. In 1906 there were 1805 mandamenti and 8290 communes, and 4 boroughs in Sardinia not connected with communes. The mandamenti or administrative divisions no longer correspond to the judicial divisions (mandamenti giudiziarii) which in November 1891 were reduced from 1806 to 1535 by a law which provided that judicial reform should not modify existing administrative and electoral divisions. The principal elective local administrative bodies are the provincial and the communal councils. The franchise is somewhat wider than the parliamentary. Both bodies are elected for six years, one-half being renewed every three years. The provincial council elects a provincial commission and the communal council a municipal council from among its own members; these smaller bodies carry on the business of the larger while they are not sitting. The syndic of each commune is elected by ballot by the communal council from among its own members.

The actual (not the resident or “legal”) population of Italy since 1770 is approximately given in the following table (the first census of the kingdom as a whole was taken in 1871):—