[5] See Gustav Schilling’s Encyklopädie der gesammten musikal. Wissenschaften (Stuttgart, 1840), vol. v., art. “Pauke.”
[6] See Manuale pel Timpanista (Milan, 1842), where Boracchi describes and illustrates his invention.
[7] Catullus, lxiii. 8-10; Claud. De cons. Stilich. iii. 365; Lucret. ii. 618; Virg. Aen. ix. 619, &c.
[8] John Carter, Specimens of Ancient Sculpture, bas-relief from seats of choir of Worcester cathedral and of collegiate church of St Katherine near the Tower of London (plates, vol. i. following p. 53 and vol. ii. following p. 22).
[9] Nat. Hist. ix. 35, 23.
[10] De re militari, ii. 22; iii. 5, &c.
[11] Crassus, xxiii. 10. See also Justin xli. 2, and Polydorus, lib. 1, cap. xv.
[12] See Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum, lib. iii. cap. 21, 141; Migne, Patr. curs. completus, lxxxii. 167.
[13] Panthéon littéraire (Paris, 1837), J. A. Buchon, vol. i. cap. 322, p. 273.
[14] Reproduced by Franz Wickhoff, “Die Wiener Genesis,” supplement to the 15th and 16th volumes of the Jahrb. d. kunsthistorischen Sammlungen d. allerhöchsten Kaiserhauses (Vienna, 1895); see frontispiece in colours and plate illustration XXXIV.