Spain.—Established in 1880. Voluntary association, but receiving annually a grant of £1440 from government.
Canada.—Established in 1880. Government service.
Holland.—Established in 1884. Voluntary association, but assisted by a government subsidy.
Norway.—Established in 1891. Voluntary association, but receiving a small annual grant from government.
Portugal.—Established in 1898. Voluntary society.
India (East Coast).—Voluntary association.
Australia (South).—Voluntary association.
New Zealand.—Voluntary association.
Japan.—The National Life-boat Institution of Japan was founded in 1889. It is a voluntary society, assisted by government. Its affairs are managed by a president and a vice-president, supported by a very influential council. The head office is at Tôkyô; there are numerous branches with local committees. The Imperial government contributes an annual subsidy of 20,000 yen (£2000). The members of the Institution consist of three classes—honorary, ordinary and sub-ordinary, the amount contributed by the member determining the class in which he is placed. The chairman and council are not, as in Great Britain, appointed by the subscribers, but by the president, who must always be a member of the imperial family. The Institution bestows three medals: (a) the medal of merit, to be awarded to persons rendering distinguished service to the Institution; (b) the medal of membership, to be held by honorary and ordinary members or subscribers; and (c) the medal of praise, which is bestowed on those distinguishing themselves by special service in the work of rescue.
