(i.)

The error of scale along any parallel (near the centre), of which the co-latitude is b is

1 − { h (z + b) / sin b }.

(ii.)

This is a maximum when

tan b − b = z, whence b is found.

Also

1 − h (z + b)= h (z + c)− 1 whence h is found.
sin b sin c

(iii.)

For the errorless parallels of co-latitudes γ and γ′ we have