| Proprietary. | ||
| Leonard Calvert | 1633-1645 | |
| Richard Ingle (usurper) | 1645 | |
| Edward Hill (chosen by the council) | 1646 | |
| Leonard Calvert | 1646-1647 | |
| Thomas Greene | 1647-1649 | |
| William Stone | (commissioners of parliament) | 1649-1652 |
| Richard Bennett | 1652 | |
| Edmund Curtis | ||
| William Claiborne | ||
| William Stone | 1652-1654 | |
| William Fuller and others (appointed by the commissioners of parliament) | 1654-1658 | |
| Josias Fendall | 1658-1660 | |
| Philip Calvert | 1660-1661 | |
| Charles Calvert | 1661-1675 | |
| Charles Calvert, third Lord Baltimore | 1675-1676 | |
| Cecilius Calvert (titular) and Jesse Wharton (real) | 1676 | |
| Thomas Notley | 1676-1679 | |
| Charles Calvert, third Lord Baltimore | 1679-1684 | |
| Benedict Leonard Calvert (titular) and council (real) | 1684-1688 | |
| William Joseph (president of the council) | 1688-1689 | |
| Protestant Associators under John Coode | 1689-1692 | |
| Royal. | ||
| Sir Lionel Copley | 1692-1693 | |
| Sir Edmund Andros | 1693-1694 | |
| Francis Nicholson | 1694-1699 | |
| Nathaniel Blackistone | 1699-1702 | |
| Thomas Tench (president of the council) | 1702-1704 | |
| John Seymour | 1704-1709 | |
| Edward Lloyd (president of the council) | 1709-1714 | |
| John Hart | 1714-1715 | |
| John Hart | 1715-1720 | |
| Charles Calvert | 1720-1727 | |
| Benedict Leonard Calvert | 1727-1731 | |
| Samuel Ogle | 1731-1732 | |
| Charles Calvert, fifth Lord Baltimore | 1732-1733 | |
| Samuel Ogle | 1733-1742 | |
| Thomas Bladen | 1742-1747 | |
| Samuel Ogle | 1747-1752 | |
| Benjamin Tasker (president of the council) | 1752-1753 | |
| Horatio Sharpe | 1752-1769 | |
| Robert Eden | 1769-1774 | |
| Robert Eden (nominal) and Convention and Council of Safety (real) | 1774-1776 | |
| STATE | ||
| Thomas Johnson | 1777-1779 | |
| Thomas Sim Lee | 1779-1782 | |
| William Paca | 1782-1785 | |
| William Smallwood | 1785-1788 | |
| John Eager Howard | 1788-1791 | |
| George Plater[4] | 1791-1792 | |
| James Brice (acting) | 1792 | |
| Thomas Sim Lee | 1792-1794 | |
| John H. Stone | 1794-1797 | |
| John Henry | Democratic Republican | 1797-1798 |
| Benjamin Ogle | Federalist | 1798-1801 |
| John Francis Mercer | Democratic Republican | 1801-1803 |
| Robert Bowie | ” ” | 1803-1806 |
| Robert Wright[5] | ” ” | 1806-1808 |
| James Butcher (acting) | ” ” | 1808-1809 |
| Edward Lloyd | Whig | 1809-1811 |
| Robert Bowie | Democratic Republican | 1811-1812 |
| Levin Winder | Federalist | 1812-1815 |
| Charles Ridgely | ” | 1815-1818 |
| Charles Goldsborough | ” | 1818-1819 |
| Samuel Sprigg | Democratic Republican | 1819-1822 |
| Samuel Stevens, jun. | ” ” | 1822-1825 |
| Joseph Kent | ” ” | 1825-1828 |
| Daniel Martin | Anti-Jackson | 1828-1829 |
| Thomas King Carroll | Jackson Democrat | 1829-1830 |
| Daniel Martin | Anti-Jackson | 1830-1831 |
| George Howard (acting) | Whig | 1831-1832 |
| George Howard | ” | 1832-1833 |
| James Thomas | ” | 1833-1835 |
| Thomas W. Veazey | ” | 1835-1838 |
| William Grason | Democrat | 1838-1841 |
| Francis Thomas | ” | 1841-1844 |
| Thomas G. Pratt | Whig | 1844-1847 |
| Philip Francis Thomas | Democrat | 1847-1850 |
| Enoch Louis Lowe | ” | 1850-1853 |
| Thomas Watkins Ligon | ” | 1853-1857 |
| Thomas Holliday Hicks | American or | |
| Know Nothing | 1857-1861 | |
| Augustus W. Bradford | Unionist | 1861-1865 |
| Thomas Swann | ” | 1865-1868 |
| Oden Bowie | Democrat | 1868-1872 |
| William Pinkney Whyte[6] | ” | 1872-1874 |
| James Black Groome | ” | 1874-1876 |
| John Lee Carroll | ” | 1876-1880 |
| William T. Hamilton | ” | 1880-1884 |
| Robert M. McLane | ” | 1884-1885 |
| Henry Lloyd | ” | 1885-1888 |
| Elihu E. Jackson | ” | 1888-1892 |
| Frank Brown | ” | 1892-1896 |
| Lloyd Lowndes | Republican | 1896-1900 |
| John Walter Smith | Democrat | 1900-1904 |
| Edwin Warfield | ” | 1904-1908 |
| Austin L. Crothers | ” | 1908- |
Bibliography.—Publications of the Maryland Geological Survey (Baltimore, 1897); Maryland Weather Service Climatology and Physical Features, biennial reports (Baltimore, 1892- ); United States Census; Reports of the U.S. Fish Commissioner and Bureau of Fisheries (Washington, 1871); State Department, Maryland Manual, a Compendium of Legal, Historical and Statistical Information (Baltimore, 1900- ); B. C. Steiner, Citizenship and Suffrage in Maryland (Baltimore, 1895), an historical review of the subject; J. W. Harry, The Maryland Constitution of 1851, Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science (Baltimore, 1902), contains an account of the agitation from 1835 to 1850 for constitutional reform; B. C. Steiner, History of Education in Maryland, Circulars of Information of the United States Bureau of Education (Washington, 1894), a general historical survey of the common schools, public and private, and a particular account of each college, university and professional school; A. D. Mayo, The Final Establishment of the American School System in West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia and Delaware, Report of the Commissioner of Education (Washington, 1905) contains an interesting account of the development of the public school system of the state from 1864 to 1900; F. S. Adams, Taxation in Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Studies (Baltimore, 1900), an historical account of the sources of the state’s revenue and administration of its taxing system; A. V. Bryan, History of State Banking in Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Studies (Baltimore, 1899), a careful study of the state’s experience with banks from 1790 to 1864; J. L. Bozman, History of Maryland from 1633 to 1660 (Baltimore, 1837), a compilation of much of the more important material relating to the early history of the province; J. V. L. McMahon, An Historical View of the Government of Maryland from its Colonization to the Present Day (Baltimore, 1833), an able treatment of the subject by a learned jurist; J. T. Scharf, History of Maryland (Baltimore, 1879), the most extensive general history of the state, but it contains numerous errors and the arrangement is poor; W. H. Browne, Maryland: the History of a Palatinate (Boston, 1884 and 1895), an excellent outline of the colonial history; N. D. Mereness, Maryland as a Proprietary Province (New York, 1901), a constitutional history of the province in the light of its industrial and social development, contains a bibliography; and Bernard C. Steiner, Maryland during the English Civil War (2 vols., Baltimore, 1906-1907), one of the Johns Hopkins University Studies.
(N. D. M.)
[1] Maryland and Delaware together began the construction of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal (13½ m. long) across the north part of the state of Delaware, between the Delaware river and Chesapeake Bay; this canal received Federal aid in 1828, was completed in 1829, and in 1907 was chosen as the most practicable route for a proposed ship waterway between the Chesapeake and the Delaware.
[2] The population at previous censuses was as follows: 319,728 in 1790; 341,548 in 1800; 380,546 in 1810; 407,350 in 1820; 447,040 in 1830; 470,019 in 1840; 583,034 in 1850; 687,049 in 1860; and 780,894 in 1870.
[3] The General Assembly regularly elected the governor during the period 1776-1838.
[4] Died in office.
[5] Resigned on the 6th of May 1808.
[6] Resigned in 1874 to become (March 4, 1875) U.S. senator from Maryland.