d· 1⁄2 (Ap2 + Bq2 + Cr2) = Lp + Mq + Nr,
dt

(3)

which is (virtually) the equation of energy.

As a first application of the equations (2) take the case of a solid constrained to rotate with constant angular velocity ω about a fixed axis (l, m, n). Since p, q, r are then constant, the requisite constraining couple is

L = (C − B) mnω2,   M = (A − C) nlω2,   N = (B − A) lmω2.

(4)

If we reverse the signs, we get the “centrifugal couple” exerted by the solid on its bearings. This couple vanishes when the axis of rotation is a principal axis at O, and in no other case (cf. § 17).

If in (2) we put, L, M, N = O we get the case of free rotation; thus

A dp(B − C) qr,
dt
B dq(C − A) rp,
dt