this may be written

d ∂T+ ∂F+ β1rq̇1 + β2rq̇2 + ... + βnrq̇r + ∂V= Qr,
dt ∂q̇r∂q̇r ∂qr

(33)

provided

2F = b11q̇12 + b22q̇22 + ... + 2b12q̇1q̇2 + ...

(34)

The terms due to F in (33) are such as would arise from frictional resistances proportional to the absolute velocities of the particles, or to mutual forces of resistance proportional to the relative velocities; they are therefore classed as frictional or dissipative forces. The terms affected with the coefficients βrs on the other hand are such as occur in “cyclic” systems with latent motion ([Dynamics], § Analytical); they are called the gyrostatic terms. If we multiply (33) by q̇r and sum with respect to r from 1 to n, we obtain, in virtue of the relations βrs = −βsr, βrr = 0,

d(T + V) = 2F + Q1q̇1 + Q2q̇2 + ... + Qnq̇n.
dt

(35)

This shows that mechanical energy is lost at the rate 2F per unit time. The function F is therefore called by Lord Rayleigh the dissipation function.